Medical Specialty: Consult - History and Phy.
Sample Name: Elevated PSA - H&P

CHIEF COMPLAINT:, This 61-year-old male presents today with recent finding of abnormal serum PSA of 16 ng/ml. Associated signs and symptoms: Associated signs and symptoms include dribbling urine, inability to empty bladder, nocturia, urinary hesitancy and urine stream is slow.  Timing (onset/frequency): Onset was 6 months ago. Patient denies fever and chills and denies flank pain.,ALLERGIES: ,Patient admits allergies to adhesive tape resulting in severe rash. Patient denies an allergy to anesthesia.,MEDICATION HISTORY:, Patient is not currently taking any medications.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Childhood Illnesses: (+) asthma, Cardiovascular Hx: (-) angina, Renal / Urinary Hx: (-) kidney problems.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:, Patient admits past surgical history of appendectomy in 1992.,SOCIAL HISTORY:, Patient admits alcohol use, Drinking is described as heavy, Patient denies illegal drug use, Patient denies STD history, Patient denies tobacco use.,FAMILY HISTORY:, Patient admits a family history of gout attacks associated with father.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:, Unremarkable with exception of chief complaint.,PHYSICAL EXAM: ,BP Sitting: 120/80 Resp: 20 HR: 72 Temp: 98.6,The patient is a pleasant, 61-year-old male in no apparent distress who looks his given age, is well-developed and nourished with good attention to hygiene and body habitus.,Neck: Neck is normal and symmetrical, without swelling or tenderness. Thyroid is smooth and symmetric with no enlargement, tenderness or masses noted.,Respiratory: Respirations are even without use of accessory muscles and no intercostal retractions noted. Breathing is not labored, diaphragmatic, or abdominal. Lungs clear to auscultation with no rales, rhonchi, wheezes, or rubs noted.,Cardiovascular: Normal S1 and S2 without murmurs, gallop, rubs or clicks.  Peripheral pulses full to palpation, no varicosities, extremities warm with no edema or tenderness.,Gastrointestinal: Abdominal organs, bladder, kidney: No abnormalities, without masses, tenderness, or rigidity. Hernia: absent; no inguinal, femoral, or ventral hernias noted. Liver and/or Spleen: no abnormalities, tenderness, or masses noted. Stool specimen not indicated.,Genitourinary: Anus and perineum: no abnormalities. No fissures, edema, dimples, or tenderness noted.,Scrotum: no abnormalities. No lesions, rash, or sebaceous cyst noted.,Epididymides: no abnormalities, masses, or spermatocele, without enlargement, induration, or tenderness.,Testes: symmetrical; no abnormalities, tenderness, hydrocele, or masses noted.,Urethral Meatus: no abnormalities; no hypospadias, lesions, polyps, or discharge noted.,Penis: no abnormalities; circumcised; no phimosis, Peyronie's, condylomata, or lumps noted.,Prostate: size 60 gr, RT>LT and firm.,Seminal Vesicles: no abnormalities; symmetrical; no tenderness, induration, or nodules noted.,Sphincter tone: no abnormalities; good tone; without hemorrhoids or masses.,Skin/Extremities: Skin is warm and dry with normal turgor and there is no icterus. No skin rash, subcutaneous nodules, lesions or ulcers observed.,Neurological/Psychiatric: Oriented to person, place and time. Mood and affect normal, appropriate to situation, without depression, anxiety, or agitation.,TEST RESULTS:, No tests to report at this time.,IMPRESSION: ,Elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA).,PLAN:, Cystoscopy in the office.,DIAGNOSTIC & LAB ORDERS:, Ordered serum creatinine. Urinalysis and C & S ordered using clean-catch specimen. Ordered free prostate specific antigen (PSA). Ordered ultrasound of prostate.,I have discussed the findings of this follow-up evaluation with the patient. The discussion included a complete verbal explanation of any changes in the examination results, diagnosis and current treatment plan. Discussed the possibility of a TURP surgical procedure; risks, complications, benefits, and alternative measures discussed. There are no activity restrictions . Instructed Ben to avoid caffeinated or alcoholic beverages and excessively spiced foods. Questions answered. If any questions should arise after returning home I have encouraged the patient to feel free to call the office at 327-8850.,PRESCRIPTIONS: , Proscar Dosage: 5 mg tablet Sig: once daily Dispense: 30 Refills: 0 Allow Generic: No,PATIENT INSTRUCTIONS:,  Patient completed benign prostatic hypertrophy questionnaire.
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DESCRIPTION: Abnormal serum PSA of 16 ng/ml, dribbling urine, inability to empty bladder, nocturia, urinary hesitancy and slow urine stream.

The situation involves a patient with an elevated PSA level, which could indicate prostate issues such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or potentially prostate cancer. The elevation is significant, and the symptoms affect the patient's quality of life. Additionally, there is a discussion of possible surgical intervention (TURP), which adds complexity and potential risks. Despite the seriousness, immediate life-threatening conditions are not indicated. The situation has significant implications for the patient's health and treatment planning, hence it is moderately high-stakes.


You are an LLM as part of a medical assistant system, interacting with medical practitioners to improve efficiency.

Medical Specialty: General Medicine
Sample Name: Gen Med Progress Note - 9

SUBJECTIVE:,  The patient is a 44-year-old white female who is here today with multiple problems.  The biggest concern she has today is her that left leg has been swollen.  It is swollen for three years to some extent, but worse for the past two to three months.  It gets better in the morning when she is up, but then through the day it begins to swell again.  Lately it is staying bigger and she somewhat uncomfortable with it being so large.  The right leg also swells, but not nearly like the left leg.  The other problem she had was she has had pain in her shoulder and back.  These occurred about a year ago, but the pain in her left shoulder is of most concern to her.  She feels like the low back pain is just a result of a poor mattress.  She does not remember hurting her shoulder, but she said gradually she has lost some mobility.  It is hard time to get her hands behind her back or behind her head.  She has lost strength in the left shoulder.  As far as the blood count goes, she had an elevated white count.  In April of 2005, Dr. XYZ had asked Dr. XYZ to see her because of the persistent leukocytosis; however, Dr. XYZ felt that this was not a problem for the patient and asked her to just return here for follow up.  She also complains of a lot of frequency with urination and nocturia times two to three.  She has gained weight; she thinks about 12 pounds since March.  She now weighs 284.  Fortunately, her blood pressure is staying stable.  She takes atenolol 12.5 mg per day and takes Lasix on a p.r.n. basis, but does not like to take it because it causes her to urinate so much.  She denies chest pain, but she does feel like she is becoming gradually more short of breath.  She works for the city of Wichita as bus dispatcher, so she does sit a lot, and just really does not move around much.  Towards the end of the day her leg was really swollen.  I reviewed her lab work.  Other than the blood count her lab work has been pretty normal, but she does need to have a cholesterol check.,OBJECTIVE:,General:  The patient is a very pleasant 44-year-old white female quite obese.,Vital Signs:  Blood pressure:  122/70.  Temperature:  98.6.,HEENT:  Head:  Normocephalic.  Ears:  TMs intact.  Eyes:  Pupils round, and equal.  Nose:  Mucosa normal.  Throat:  Mucosa normal.,Lungs:  Clear.,Heart:  Regular rate and rhythm.,Abdomen:  Soft and obese.,Extremities:  A lot of fluid in both legs, but especially the left leg is really swollen.  At least 2+ pedal edema.  The right leg just has a trace of edema.  She has pain in her low back with range of motion.  She has a lot of pain in her left shoulder with range of motion.  It is hard for her to get her hand behind her back.  She cannot get it up behind her head.  She has pain in the anterior left shoulder in that area.,ASSESSMENT:,1.  Multiple problems including left leg swelling.,2.  History of leukocytosis.,3.  Joint pain involving the left shoulder, probably impingement syndrome.,4.  Low back pain, chronic with obesity.,5.  Obesity.,6.  Frequency with urination.,7.  Tobacco abuse.,PLAN:,1.  I will schedule for a venous Doppler of the left leg and will have her come back in the morning for a CBC and a metabolic panel.  We will start her on Detrol 0.4 mg one daily and also started on Mobic 15 mg per day.,2.  Elevate her leg as much as possible and wear support hose if possible.  Keep her foot up during the day.  We will see her back in two weeks.  We will have the results of the Doppler, the lab work and see how she is doing with the Detrol and the joint pain.  If her shoulder pain is not any better, we probably should refer her on over to orthopedist.  We did do x-rays of her shoulder today that did not show anything remarkable.  See her in two weeks or p.r.n.
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DESCRIPTION: Multiple problems including left leg swelling, history of leukocytosis, joint pain left shoulder, low back pain, obesity, frequency with urination, and tobacco abuse.

general medicine, leg swelling, leukocytosis, joint pain, left shoulder, low back pain, obesity, frequency with urination, tobacco abuse, multiple problems, blood count, blood pressure, leg, shoulder, tobacco, swelling, weight

The patient's situation involves multiple health issues that include serious concerns like persistent leg swelling and leukocytosis, which could potentially indicate underlying conditions such as vascular problems or infection. The presence of obesity, probable shoulder impingement, and urinary frequency suggest complex management needs. While the situation requires thorough evaluation and follow-up, it does not seem immediately life-threatening. However, the nature of these symptoms could potentially escalate if not addressed. Therefore, it is moderately high-stakes given the potential for deterioration and multiple health concerns.

Filled in based on scale_labels and scale_label_confidence


Medical Specialty: Radiology
Sample Name: Whole Body Radionuclide Bone Scan

INDICATION:,  Prostate Cancer.,TECHNIQUE:,  3.5 hours following the intravenous administration of 26.5 mCi of Technetium 99m MDP, the skeleton was imaged in the anterior and posterior projections.,FINDINGS:,  There is a focus of abnormal increased tracer activity overlying the right parietal region of the skull.  The uptake in the remainder of the skeleton is within normal limits.  The kidneys image normally.  There is increased activity in the urinary bladder suggesting possible urinary retention.,CONCLUSION:,1.  Focus of abnormal increased tracer activity overlying the right parietal region of the skull.  CT scanning of magnetic resonance imaging of the skull and brain could be done for further assessment if it is clinically indicated.,2.  There is probably some degree of urinary retention.,
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DESCRIPTION: Whole body radionuclide bone scan due to prostate cancer.

radiology, prostate cancer, technetium, whole body, urinary retention, bone scan, radionuclide,

The radionuclide bone scan is being conducted on a patient with prostate cancer, which is a serious medical condition as it involves the potential for metastatic cancer spread to the bones. The finding of abnormal increased tracer activity in the skull could be indicative of potential metastasis, requiring further investigation through CT or MRI. This has significant implications for the patient’s treatment plan and prognosis. Additionally, the mention of possible urinary retention can indicate complications or side effects impacting the patient's condition. The clinical decisions based on these findings will greatly affect patient's health outcomes and quality of life, making this a high-stakes situation.


Medical Specialty: Hematology - Oncology
Sample Name: Polycythemia Rubra Vera

CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Polycythemia rubra vera.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is an 83-year-old female with a history of polycythemia vera.  She comes in to clinic today for followup.  She has not required phlebotomies for several months.  The patient comes to clinic unaccompanied.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , Levothyroxine 200 mcg q.d., Nexium 40 mg q.d., Celebrex 200 mg q.d., vitamin D3 2000 IU q.d., aspirin 81 mg q.d., selenium 200 mg q.d., Aricept 10 mg q.d., Skelaxin 800 mg q.d., ropinirole 1 mg q.d., vitamin E 1000 IU q.d., vitamin C 500 mg q.d., flaxseed oil 100 mg daily, fish oil 100 units q.d., Vicodin q.h.s., and stool softener q.d.,ALLERGIES:  ,Penicillin.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:  ,The patient's chief complaint is her weight.  She brings in a packet of information on HCZ Diovan and also metabolic assessment that was done at the key.  She has questions as to whether or not there would be any contra indications to her going on the diet.  Otherwise, she feels great.  She had family reunion in Iowa once in four days out there.  She continues to volunteer Hospital and is walking and enjoying her summer.  She denies any fevers, chills, or night sweats.  She has some mild constipation problem but has had under control.  The rest of her review of systems is negative.,PHYSICAL EXAM:,VITALS:
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DESCRIPTION: Polycythemia rubra vera.  The patient is an 83-year-old female with a history of polycythemia vera.  She comes in to clinic today for followup.  She has not required phlebotomies for several months.

hematology - oncology, polycythemia rubra vera, phlebotomy, hematocrit, polycythemia,

The patient is an elderly individual with a history of polycythemia vera, which is a serious blood disorder. However, the condition seems to be stable as she has not required phlebotomies in recent months and reports generally feeling well. The main concern mentioned is her weight and questions about dietary changes, which are not directly related to the severity of polycythemia vera. The situation outlined does not indicate any immediate or critical medical crises, suggesting it is more of a routine follow-up rather than an urgent situation.


Medical Specialty: Surgery
Sample Name: Aortogram - Leg claudication.

PREPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS:,  Left leg claudication.,POSTPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS: ,  Left leg claudication.,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Aortogram with bilateral, segmental lower extremity run off.,ANESTHESIA: , Conscious sedation.,INDICATION FOR PROCEDURE:  ,The patient presents with lower extremity claudication.  She is a 68-year-old woman, who is very fearful of the aforementioned procedures.  Risks and benefits of the procedure were explained to her to include bleeding, infection, arterial trauma requiring surgery, access issues and recurrence.  She appears to understand and agrees to proceed.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the Angio Suite, placed in a supine position.  After adequate conscious sedation, both groins were prepped with Chloraseptic prep.  Cloth towels and paper drapes were placed.  Local anesthesia was administered in the common femoral artery and using ultrasound guidance, the common femoral artery was accessed.  Guidewire was threaded followed by a ,4-French sheath.  Through the 4-French sheath a 4-French Omni flush catheter was placed.  The glidewire was removed and contrast administered to identify the level of the renal artery.  Using power injector an aortogram proceeded.,The catheter was then pulled down to the aortic bifurcation.  A timed run-off view of both legs was performed and due to a very abnormal and delayed run-off in the left, I opted to perform an angiogram of the left lower extremity with an isolated approach.  The catheter was pulled down to the aortic bifurcation and using a glidewire, I obtained access to the contralateral left external iliac artery.  The Omni flush catheter was advanced to the left distal external iliac artery.  The glidewire rather exchanged for an Amplatz stiff wire.  This was left in place and the 4-French sheath removed and replaced with a 6-French destination 45-cm sheath.  This was advanced into the proximal superficial femoral artery and an angiogram performed.  I identified a functionally occluded distal superficial femoral artery and after obtaining views of the run off made plans for angioplasty.,The patient was given 5000 units of heparin and this was allowed to circulate.  A glidewire was carefully advanced using Roadmapping techniques through the functionally occluded blood vessels.  A 4-mm x 4-cm angioplasty balloon was used to dilate the area in question.,Final views after dilatation revealed a dissection.  A search for a 5-mm stent was performed, but none of this was available.  For this reason, I used a 6-mm x 80-mm marked stent and placed this at the distal superficial femoral artery.  Post dilatation was performed with a 4-mm angioplasty balloon.  Further views of the left lower extremity showed irregular change in the popliteal artery.  No significant stenosis could be identified in the left popliteal artery and noninvasive scan.  For this reason, I chose not to treat any further areas in the left leg.,I then performed closure of the right femoral artery with a 6-French Angio-Seal device.  Attention was turned to the left femoral artery and local anesthesia administered.  Access was obtained with the ultrasound and the femoral artery identified.  Guidewire was threaded followed by a 4-French sheath.  This was immediately exchanged for the 6-French destination sheath after the glidewire was used to access the distal external iliac artery.  The glidewire was exchanged for the Amplatz stiff wire to place the destination sheath.  The destination was placed in the proximal superficial femoral artery and angiogram obtained.  Initial views had been obtained from the right femoral sheath before removal.,Views of the right superficial femoral artery demonstrated significant stenosis with accelerated velocities in the popliteal and superficial femoral artery.  For this reason, I performed the angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery using the 4-mm balloon.  A minimal dissection plane measuring less than 1 cm was identified at the proximal area of dilatation.  No further significant abnormality was identified.  To avoid placing a stent in the small vessel I left it alone and approached the popliteal artery.  A 3-mm balloon was chosen to dilate a 50 to 79% popliteal artery stenosis.  Reasonable use were obtained and possibly a 4-mm balloon could have been used.  However, due to her propensity for dissection I opted not to.  I then exchanged the glidewire for an O1 for Thruway guidewire using an exchange length.  This was placed into the left posterior tibial artery.  A 2-mm balloon was used to dilate the orifice of the posterior tibial artery.  I then moved the wire to the perineal artery and dilated the proximal aspect of this vessel.  Final images showed improved run-off to the right calf.  The destination sheath was pulled back into the left external iliac artery and an Angio-Seal deployed.,FINDINGS: , Aortogram demonstrates a dual right renal artery with the inferior renal artery supplying the lower one third of the right renal parenchyma.  No evidence of renal artery stenosis is noted bilaterally.  There is a single left renal artery.  The infrarenal aorta, both common iliac and the external iliac arteries are normal.  On the right, a superficial femoral artery is widely patent and normal proximally.  At the distal third of the thigh there is diffuse disease with moderate stenosis noted.  Moderate stenosis is also noted in the popliteal artery and single vessel run-off through the posterior tibial artery is noted.  The perineal artery is functionally occluded at the midcalf.  The dorsal pedal artery filled by collateral at the high ankle level.,On the left, the proximal superficial femoral artery is patent.  Again, at the distal third of the thigh, there is a functional occlusion of the superficial femoral artery with poor collateralization to the high popliteal artery.  This was successfully treated with angioplasty and a stent placement.  The popliteal artery is diffusely diseased without focal stenosis.  The tibioperoneal trunk is patent and the anterior tibial artery occluded at its orifice.,IMPRESSION,1.  Normal bilateral renal arteries with a small accessory right renal artery.,2.  Normal infrarenal aorta as well as normal bilateral common and external iliac arteries.,3.  The proximal right renal artery is normal with moderately severe stenosis in the superficial femoral popliteal and tibial arteries.  Successful angioplasty with reasonable results in the distal superficial femoral, popliteal and proximal posterior tibial artery as described.,4.  Normal proximal left superficial femoral artery with functional occlusion of the distal left superficial femoral artery successfully treated with angioplasty and stent placement.  Run-off to the left lower extremity is via a patent perineal and posterior tibial artery.
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DESCRIPTION: Aortogram with bilateral, segmental lower extremity run off.  Left leg claudication.  The patient presents with lower extremity claudication.

surgery, claudication, extremity run off, angio suite, superficial femoral artery, popliteal, superficial, femoral, aortogram, artery, balloon, glidewire, angioplasty, stenosis, renal,

The procedure described is an aortogram with interventions on arterial blockages and stenoses, which are critical to addressing left leg claudication. Such procedures carry risks that include bleeding, infection, and arterial trauma, as listed in the narrative, and these could potentially lead to significant complications if not managed properly. However, the procedure is routine in vascular surgery and the risks, although serious, are known and can usually be managed effectively by experienced surgeons. Given the patient's condition and the nature of the surgical intervention, the situation is medically significant but not typically life-threatening unless complications arise. It is a moderately high-stakes situation primarily because of the potential complications associated with surgical procedures on major arteries.


Medical Specialty: Obstetrics / Gynecology
Sample Name: Total Abdominal Hysterectomy - 3

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Enlarged fibroid uterus.,2.  Abnormal uterine bleeding.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Enlarged fibroid uterus.,2.  Abnormal uterine bleeding.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Total abdominal hysterectomy with a uterosacral vault suspension.,ANESTHESIA: , General with endotracheal tube as well as spinal with Astramorph.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 150 cc.,URINE OUTPUT:  ,250 cc of clear urine at the end of the procedure.,FLUIDS:,  2000 cc of crystalloids.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,TUBES: , None.,DRAINS:  ,Foley to gravity.,PATHOLOGY: , Uterus, cervix, and multiple fibroids were sent to pathology for review.,FINDINGS:  ,On exam, under anesthesia, normal appearing vulva and vagina, a massively enlarged uterus approximately 20 weeks' in size with irregular contours suggestive of fibroids.,Operative findings demonstrated a large fibroid uterus with multiple subserosal and intramural fibroids as well as there were some filmy adnexal adhesions bilaterally.  The appendix was normal appearing.  The bowel and omentum were normal appearing.  There was no evidence of endometriosis.  Peritoneal surfaces and vesicouterine peritoneum as well as appendix and cul-de-sac were all free of any evidence of endometriosis.,PROCEDURE:,  After informed consent was obtained and all questions were answered to the patient's satisfaction in layman's terms, she was taken to the Operating Room where first a spinal anesthesia with Astramorph was obtained without any difficulty.  She then underwent a general anesthesia with endotracheal tube also without any difficulty.  She was then examined under anesthesia with noted findings as above.  The patient was then placed in dorsal supine position and prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion..  A vertical skin incision was made 1 cm below the umbilicus extending down to 2 cm above the pubic symphysis.  This was made with a first knife and then carried down to the underlying layer of the fascia with the second knife.  Fascia was excised in the midline and extended superiorly and inferiorly with the Mayo scissors.  The rectus muscle was then separated in the midline.  The peritoneum identified and entered bluntly.  The peritoneal incision was then extended superiorly and inferiorly with external visualization of the bladder.  The uterus was markedly evident upon entering the peritoneal cavity.  The uterus was then exteriorized and noted to have the findings as above.  At this point, approximately 10 cc of vasopressin 20 units and 30 cc was injected into the uterine fundus and multiple fibroids were removed by using the incision with the Bovie and then using a blunt and the sharp dissection and grasping with Lahey clamps.  Once the debulking of the uterus was felt appropriate to proceed with the hysterectomy, the uterus was then reapproximated with a few #0 Vicryl sutures in a figure-of-eight fashion.  The round ligaments were identified bilaterally and clamped with the hemostats and transacted with the Metzenbaum scissors.  The round ligaments were then bilaterally tied with the #0 tie and noted to be hemostatic.  The uterovarian vessels bilaterally were then isolated through a vascular window created from taking down the round ligaments.  The uterovarian vessels bilaterally were #0 tied and then doubly clamped with straight Ochsner clamps and transacted and suture tied with a Heaney hand stitch fashion, and both uterine and ovarian vessels were noted to be hemostatic.  At this time, the attention was then turned to the vesicouterine peritoneum, which was tented up with Allis clamps and the bladder flap was then created sharply with Russian pickups and the Metzenbaum scissors.  Then the bladder was bluntly dissected off the underlying cervix with a moist Ray-Tec sponge down to the level of the cervix.,At this point, the uterus was pulled on traction and the uterosacral ligaments were easily visualized.  Using #2-0 PDS suture, the suture was placed through both uterosacral ligaments distally with a backhand stitch fashion throwing the sutures from lateral to medial.  These sutures were then tagged and saved for later.  The uterine vessels were then identified bilaterally and skeletonized, then clamped with straight Ochsner clamps balancing off the cervix, and the uterine vessels were then transacted and suture ligated with #0 Vicryl and noted to be hemostatic.  In a similar fashion, the broad ligament down to the level of the cardinal ligaments was clamped with curved Ochsner and transacted and suture ligated and noted to be hemostatic.  At this point, the Lahey clamp was placed on the cervix and the cervix was tented up.  The pubocervical vesical fascia was transacted with long knife.  Then while protecting posteriorly, using the double-pointed scissors, the vagina was entered with double-pointed scissors at the level of the cervix and was grasped with a straight Ochsner clamp.  The uterus and cervix were then amputated using the Jorgenson scissors and the cuff was outlined with Ochsner clamps.  The cuff was then copiously painted with Betadine soaked sponge.  The Betadine-soaked sponge was placed in the patient's vagina.  Then the cuff was then closed with a #0 Vicryl in a running locked fashion to make sure to bring the ipsilateral cardinal ligaments into the vaginal cuff.  This was accomplished with one #0 Vicryl running stitch and then an Allis clamp was placed in the midsection portion of the cuff and tented up and a #0 Vicryl figure-of-eight was placed in the midsection portion of the cuff.  At this time, the uterosacral ligaments previously tagged needle was brought through the cardinal ligament and the uterosacral ligament on the ipsilateral side.  The needle was cut off and these were then tagged with the hemostats.  The cuff was then closed by taking the running suture and bringing back through the posterior peritoneum, grabbing part of the uterosacral and midsection portion of the posterior peritoneum of the uterosacral and then tying the cuff down to bunch and cuff together.  The suture in the midportion of the cuff was then used to tie down the round ligaments bilaterally to the cuff.  The abdomen was copiously irrigated with warm normal saline.  All areas were noted to be hemostatic.  Then the previously tagged uterosacral sutures were then tied bringing the vaginal cuff angles down to the uterosacral ligaments.  The abdomen was then once again copiously irrigated with warm normal saline.  All areas were noted to be hemostatic.  The sigmoid colon was replaced back into the hollow of the sacrum.  Then the omentum was pulled over the bowel.  After the myomectomy was performed, the GYN Balfour was placed into the patient's abdomen and the bowel was packed away with moist laparotomy sponges.  The GYN Balfour was then removed.  Packing sponges were removed and the fascia was then closed in an interrupted figure-of-eight fashion with #0 Vicryl.,Skin was closed with staples.  The patient tolerated the procedure well.  The sponge, lap, and needle counts were correct x2.  The sponge from the patient's vagina was removed and the vagina was noted to be hemostatic.  The patient would be followed throughout her hospital stay.
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DESCRIPTION: Total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) with a uterosacral vault suspension.   Enlarged fibroid uterus and abnormal uterine bleeding.

The situation involves a total abdominal hysterectomy, which is a major surgical procedure. Hysterectomy carries risks such as bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding organs, and anesthesia complications. However, in this specific case, there were no complications reported and the procedure was well-tolerated by the patient. While the surgery is high-stakes given its nature and the possible risks, these have been effectively managed. Thus, I consider this situation moderately high-stakes due to the successful surgical outcome and absence of complications.


Medical Specialty: SOAP / Chart / Progress Notes
Sample Name: Gen Med Progress Note - 7

SUBJECTIVE:,  The patient is a 7-year-old male who comes in today with a three-day history of emesis and a four-day history of diarrhea.  Apparently, his brother had similar symptoms.  They had eaten some chicken and then ate some more of it the next day, and I could not quite understand what the problem was because there is a little bit of language barrier, although dad was trying very hard to explain to me what had happened.  But any way, after he and his brother got done eating with chicken, they both felt bad and have continued to feel bad.  The patient has had diarrhea five to six times a day for the last four days and then he had emesis pretty frequently three days ago and then has just had a couple of it each day in the last two days.  He has not had any emesis today.  He has urinated this morning.  His parents are both concerned because he had a fever of 103 last night.  Also, he ate half of a hamburger yesterday and he tried drinking some milk and that is when he had an emesis.  He has been drinking Pedialyte, Gatorade, white grape juice, and 7Up, otherwise he has not been eating anything.,MEDICATIONS:  ,None.,ALLERGIES:  ,He has no known drug allergies.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,  Negative as far as sore throat, earache, or cough.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,General:  He is awake and alert, no acute distress.,Vital Signs:  Blood pressure:  106/75.  Temperature:  99.  Pulse:  112.  Weight is 54 pounds.,HEENT:  His TMs are normal bilaterally.  Posterior pharynx is unremarkable.,Neck:  Without adenopathy or thyromegaly.,Lungs:  Clear to auscultation.,Heart:  Regular rate and rhythm without murmur.,Abdomen:  Benign.,Skin:  Turgor is intact.  His capillary refill is less than 3 seconds.,LABORATORY: , White blood cell count is 5.3 with 69 segs, 15 lymphs, and 13 monos.  His platelet count on his CBC is 215.,ASSESSMENT:,  Viral gastroenteritis.,PLAN:,  The parents did point out to me a rash that he had on his buttock.  There were some small almost pinpoint erythematous patches of papules that have a scab on them.  I did not see any evidence of petechiae.  Therefore, I just reassured them that this is a viral gastroenteritis.  I recommended that they stop giving him juice and just go with the Gatorade and water.  He is to stay away from milk products until his diarrhea and stomach upset have calmed down.  We talked about BRAT diet and slowly advancing his diet as he tolerates.  They have used some Kaopectate, which did not really help with the diarrhea.  Otherwise follow up as needed.
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DESCRIPTION: Patient with a three-day history of emesis and a four-day history of diarrhea

soap / chart / progress notes, diarrhea, emesis, history of, gastroenteritis, viral, brat diet, progress note,

The patient's symptoms, while uncomfortable and concerning for the parents, are typical of viral gastroenteritis, a common illness in children. The medical professional has reassured the family, offering guidance on fluid intake and diet to manage symptoms. Given the child's stable condition (awake, alert, good hydration status) and absence of severe symptoms (such as dehydration needing immediate intervention), the situation is not immediately life-threatening. However, continued monitoring is necessary to ensure the patient does not develop complications.


Medical Specialty: Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
Sample Name: CT Angiography

CT ANGIOGRAPHY CHEST WITH CONTRAST,REASON FOR EXAM: , Chest pain, shortness of breath and cough, evaluate for pulmonary arterial embolism.,TECHNIQUE:  ,Axial CT images of the chest were obtained for pulmonary embolism protocol utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300.,FINDINGS:  ,There is no evidence for pulmonary arterial embolism.,The lungs are clear of any abnormal airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.  No abnormal mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy is seen.,Limited images of the upper abdomen are unremarkable.  No destructive osseous lesion is detected.,IMPRESSION: , Negative for pulmonary arterial embolism.
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DESCRIPTION: Chest pain, shortness of breath and cough, evaluate for pulmonary arterial embolism.   CT angiography chest with contrast.  Axial CT images of the chest were obtained for pulmonary embolism protocol utilizing 100 mL of Isovue-300.

cardiovascular / pulmonary, airspace consolidation, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, lymphadenopathy, hilar, ct angiography, pulmonary arterial, arterial embolism, angiography, ct, chest, arterial, pulmonary, embolism, isovue,

The CT angiography was conducted to evaluate serious symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath, which could indicate a pulmonary embolism. A pulmonary embolism is a potentially life-threatening condition. However, the findings were negative for pulmonary arterial embolism, which suggests no immediate high-risk was present. Despite the symptoms, the absence of a pulmonary embolism lowers the stakes considerably.


Medical Specialty: Radiology
Sample Name: Single Frontal View of Chest

EXAM: , Single frontal view of the chest.,HISTORY: , Atelectasis.  Patient is status-post surgical correction for ASD.,TECHNIQUE: , A single frontal view of the chest was evaluated and correlated with the prior film dated mm/dd/yy.,FINDINGS:,  Current film reveals there is a right-sided central venous catheter, the distal tip appears to be in the superior vena cava.  Endotracheal tube with the distal tip appears to be in appropriate position, approximately 2 cm superior to the carina.  Sternotomy wires are noted.  They appear in appropriate placement.  There are no focal areas of consolidation to suggest pneumonia.  Once again seen is minimal amount of bilateral basilar atelectasis.  The cardiomediastinal silhouette appears to be within normal limits at this time.  No evidence of any pneumothoraces or pleural effusions.,IMPRESSION:,1.  There has been interval placement of a right-sided central venous catheter, endotracheal tube, and sternotomy wires secondary to patient's most recent surgical intervention.,2.  Minimal bilateral basilar atelectasis with no significant interval changes from the patient's most recent prior.,3.  Interval decrease in the patient's heart size which may be secondary to the surgery versus positional and technique.
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DESCRIPTION: Chest, Single view post OP for ASD (Atrial Septal Defect).

radiology, atrial septal defect, central venous catheter, bilateral basilar atelectasis, single frontal view, distal tip, endotracheal tube, sternotomy wires, basilar atelectasis, atrial, venous, catheter, endotracheal, tube, sternotomy, atelectasis, chest, asd

The report describes a follow-up chest X-ray after a surgical procedure for an atrial septal defect (ASD). While ensuring the correct placement of medical devices like a central venous catheter and an endotracheal tube is quite important, the findings indicate that these are appropriately placed. The report acknowledges no acute issues such as pneumonia or pneumothorax, both of which could have increased the stakes significantly. The mention of minimal bilateral basilar atelectasis and an interval decrease in heart size suggests post-operative observations without immediate or major complications. The importance of monitoring post-operative recovery is present, but the absence of any acute complications reflected in the findings somewhat lowers the stakes.


Medical Specialty: Orthopedic
Sample Name: Ulnar Nerve Transposition & Olecranon Bursa Excision

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,1.  Right cubital tunnel syndrome.,2.  Right carpal tunnel syndrome.,3.  Right olecranon bursitis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  ,1.  Right cubital tunnel syndrome.,2.  Right carpal tunnel syndrome.,3.  Right olecranon bursitis.,PROCEDURES:,  ,1.  Right ulnar nerve transposition.,2.  Right carpal tunnel release.,3.  Right excision of olecranon bursa.,ANESTHESIA:,  General.,BLOOD LOSS:,  Minimal.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,FINDINGS: , Thickened transverse carpal ligament and partially subluxed ulnar nerve.,SUMMARY: , After informed consent was obtained and verified, the patient was brought to the operating room and placed supine on the operating table.  After uneventful general anesthesia was obtained, his right arm was sterilely prepped and draped in normal fashion.  After elevation and exsanguination with an Esmarch, the tourniquet was inflated.  The carpal tunnel was performed first with longitudinal incision in the palm carried down through the skin and subcutaneous tissues.  The palmar fascia was divided exposing the transverse carpal ligament, which was incised longitudinally.  A Freer was then inserted beneath the ligament, and dissection was carried out proximally and distally.,After adequate release has been formed, the wound was irrigated and closed with nylon.  The medial approach to the elbow was then performed and the skin was opened and subcutaneous tissues were dissected.  A medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve was identified and protected throughout the case.  The ulnar nerve was noted to be subluxing over the superior aspect of the medial epicondyle and flattened and inflamed.  The ulnar nerve was freed proximally and distally.  The medial intramuscular septum was excised and the flexor carpi ulnaris fascia was divided.  The intraarticular branch and the first branch to the SCU were transected; and then the nerve was transposed, it did not appear to have any significant tension or sharp turns.  The fascial sling was made from the medial epicondyle and sewn to the subcutaneous tissues and the nerve had good translation with flexion and extension of the elbow and not too tight.  The wound was irrigated.  The tourniquet was deflated and the wound had excellent hemostasis.  The subcutaneous tissues were closed with #2-0 Vicryl and the skin was closed with staples.  Prior to the tourniquet being deflated, the subcutaneous dissection was carried out over to the olecranon bursa, where the loose fragments were excised with a rongeurs as well as abrading the ulnar cortex and excision of hypertrophic bursa.  A posterior splint was applied.  Marcaine was injected into the incisions and the splint was reinforced with tape.  He was awakened from the anesthesia and taken to recovery room in a stable condition.  Final needle, instrument, and sponge counts were correct.
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DESCRIPTION: Right ulnar nerve transposition, right carpal tunnel release, and right excision of olecranon bursa.  Right cubital tunnel syndrom, carpal tunnel syndrome, and olecranon bursitis.

orthopedic, cubital tunnel syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, olecranon bursitis, ulnar nerve transposition, carpal tunnel release, excision of olecranon bursa, transposition, ligament, tourniquet, excision, bursa, syndrome, subcutaneous, ulnar, olecranon, carpal, nerve, tunnel,

This medical procedure involves three significant surgical interventions: ulnar nerve transposition, carpal tunnel release, and excision of olecranon bursa, addressing cubital and carpal tunnel syndromes and olecranon bursitis. Although the procedure did not encounter complications and noted minimal blood loss, orthopedic surgeries involving nerve transpositions and tunnel releases are intricate and require precision to avoid nerve damage and ensure alleviation of symptoms. The use of general anesthesia and a postoperative stable condition are positive signs; however, these surgeries are inherently complex and can impact the patient's quality of life significantly if results were not as expected. Hence, even though no immediate complications are reported, the stakes are relatively high given the potential impact on the patient's functionality and recovery.


Medical Specialty: Surgery
Sample Name: Colonoscopy with Biopsy - 2

PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Colonoscopy and biopsy.,INDICATIONS:,  The patient is a 50-year-old female who has had a history of a nonspecific colitis, who was admitted 3 months ago at Hospital because of severe right-sided abdominal pains, was found to have multiple ulcers within the right colon, and was then readmitted approximately 2 weeks later because of a cecal volvulus, and had a right hemicolectomy.  Since then, she has had persistent right abdominal pains, as well as diarrhea, with up to 2-4 bowel movements per day.  She has had problems with recurrent seizures and has been seen by Dr. XYZ, who started her recently on methadone.,MEDICATIONS: , Fentanyl 200 mcg, Versed 10 mg, Phenergan 25 mg intravenously given throughout the procedure.,INSTRUMENT: , PCF-160L.,PROCEDURE REPORT: , Informed consent was obtained from the patient, after the risks and benefits of the procedure were carefully explained, which included but were not limited to bleeding, infection, perforation, and allergic reaction to the medications, as well as the possibility of missing polyps within the colon.,A colonoscope was then passed through the rectum, all the way toward the ileal colonic anastomosis, seen within the proximal transverse colon.  The distal ileum was examined, which was normal in appearance.  Random biopsies were obtained from the ileum and placed in jar #1.  Random biopsies were obtained from the normal-appearing colon and placed in jar #2.  Small internal hemorrhoids were noted within the rectum on retroflexion.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,ASSESSMENT:,1.  Small internal hemorrhoids.,2.  Ileal colonic anastomosis seen in the proximal transverse colon.,3.  Otherwise normal colonoscopy and ileum examination.,PLAN:, Followup results of biopsies.  If the biopsies are unremarkable, the patient may benefit from a trial of tricyclic antidepressants, if it's okay with Dr. XYZ, for treatment of her chronic abdominal pains.
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DESCRIPTION: Small internal hemorrhoids and Ileal colonic anastomosis.

surgery, proximal transverse, transverse colon, internal hemorrhoids, colonic anastomosis, biopsy, rectum, transverse, hemorrhoids, colonic, anastomosis, abdominal, ileum, biopsies, colonoscopy

The procedure involves a colonoscopy and biopsy on a patient with a complex medical history, including a previous surgical intervention and ongoing symptoms. While colonoscopy itself is a routine and generally low-risk procedure, the stakes are heightened by the patient's medical condition, past interventions, and the potential need for accurate biopsy results to guide further treatment. However, the procedure was performed without complications. The primary consequence of these findings will be the direction of future treatment. Therefore, while there is some degree of risk involved, it does not equate to life-threatening stakes unless complications arise from the untreated condition or further surgical interventions become necessary.


Medical Specialty: Bariatrics
Sample Name: Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Consult - 1

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , I have seen ABC today.  He is a very pleasant gentleman who is 42 years old, 344 pounds.  He is 5'9".  He has a BMI of 51.  He has been overweight for ten years since the age of 33, at his highest he was 358 pounds, at his lowest 260.  He is pursuing surgical attempts of weight loss to feel good, get healthy, and begin to exercise again.  He wants to be able to exercise and play volleyball.  Physically, he is sluggish.  He gets tired quickly.  He does not go out often.  When he loses weight he always regains it and he gains back more than he lost.  His biggest weight loss is 25 pounds and it was three months before he gained it back.  He did six months of not drinking alcohol and not taking in many calories.  He has been on multiple commercial weight loss programs including Slim Fast for one month one year ago and Atkin's Diet for one month two years ago.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , He has difficulty climbing stairs, difficulty with airline seats, tying shoes, used to public seating, difficulty walking, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure.  He has asthma and difficulty walking two blocks or going eight to ten steps.  He has sleep apnea and snoring.  He is a diabetic, on medication.  He has joint pain, knee pain, back pain, foot and ankle pain, leg and foot swelling.  He has hemorrhoids.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , Includes orthopedic or knee surgery.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , He is currently single.  He drinks alcohol ten to twelve drinks a week, but does not drink five days a week and then will binge drink.  He smokes one and a half pack a day for 15 years, but he has recently stopped smoking for the past two weeks.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Obesity, heart disease, and diabetes.  Family history is negative for hypertension and stroke.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS:,  Include Diovan, Crestor, and Tricor.,MISCELLANEOUS/EATING HISTORY:  ,He says a couple of friends of his have had heart attacks and have had died.  He used to drink everyday, but stopped two years ago.  He now only drinks on weekends.  He is on his second week of Chantix, which is a medication to come off smoking completely.  Eating, he eats bad food.  He is single.  He eats things like bacon, eggs, and cheese, cheeseburgers, fast food, eats four times a day, seven in the morning, at noon, 9 p.m., and 2 a.m.  He currently weighs 344 pounds and 5'9".  His ideal body weight is 160 pounds.  He is 184 pounds overweight.  If he lost 70% of his excess body weight that would be 129 pounds and that would get him down to 215.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Negative for head, neck, heart, lungs, GI, GU, orthopedic, or skin.  He also is positive for gout.  He denies chest pain, heart attack, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, pacemaker, pulmonary embolism, or CVA.  He denies venous insufficiency or thrombophlebitis.  Denies shortness of breath, COPD, or emphysema.  Denies thyroid problems, hip pain, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, GERD, hiatal hernia, peptic ulcer disease, gallstones, infected gallbladder, pancreatitis, fatty liver, hepatitis, rectal bleeding, polyps, incontinence of stool, urinary stress incontinence, or cancer.  He denies cellulitis, pseudotumor cerebri, meningitis, or encephalitis.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:  ,He is alert and oriented x 3.  Cranial nerves II-XII are intact.  Neck is soft and supple.  Lungs:  He has positive wheezing bilaterally.  Heart is regular rhythm and rate.  His abdomen is soft.  Extremities:  He has 1+ pitting edema.,IMPRESSION/PLAN:,  I have explained to him the risks and potential complications of laparoscopic gastric bypass in detail and these include bleeding, infection, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, leakage from the gastrojejuno-anastomosis, jejunojejuno-anastomosis, and possible bowel obstruction among other potential complications.  He understands.  He wants to proceed with workup and evaluation for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.  He will need to get a letter of approval from Dr. XYZ.  He will need to see a nutritionist and mental health worker.  He will need an upper endoscopy by either Dr. XYZ.  He will need to go to Dr. XYZ as he previously had a sleep study.  We will need another sleep study.  He will need H. pylori testing, thyroid function tests, LFTs, glycosylated hemoglobin, and fasting blood sugar.  After this is performed, we will submit him for insurance approval.
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DESCRIPTION: Consult for laparoscopic gastric bypass.

bariatrics, laparoscopic gastric bypass, heart attacks, body weight, pulmonary embolism, potential complications, sleep study, weight loss, gastric bypass, anastomosis, loss, sleep, laparoscopic, gastric, bypass, heart, pounds, weight,

The situation involves a 42-year-old man with severe obesity (BMI of 51) and multiple obesity-related comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, and joint pain. He's pursuing a laparoscopic gastric bypass, which is a major surgical intervention. The stakes are elevated due to his existing health conditions and the potential risks inherent in surgery, such as bleeding and infection. The outcome can significantly impact his quality of life and health, making it a high-stakes scenario.


Medical Specialty: Surgery
Sample Name: Delivery Note - 7

DELIVERY NOTE:,  The patient is a 29-year-old gravida 6, para 2-1-2-3, who has had an estimated date of delivery at 01/05/2009.  The patient presented to Labor and Delivery with complaints of spontaneous rupture of membranes at 2000 hours on 12/26/2008.  She was found to be positive for Nitrazine pull and fern.  At that time, she was not actually contracting.  She was Group B Streptococcus positive, however, was 5 cm dilated.  The patient was started on Group B Streptococcus prophylaxis with ampicillin.  She received a total of three doses throughout her labor.  Her pregnancy was complicated by scanty prenatal care.  She would frequently miss visits.  At 37 weeks, she claims that she had a suspicious bump on her left labia.  There was apparently no fluid or blistering of the lesion.  Therefore, it was not cultured by the provider; however, the patient was sent for serum HSV antibody levels, which she tested positive for both HSV1 and HSV2.  I performed a bright light exam and found no lesions anywhere on the vulva or in the vault as per sterile speculum exam and consulted with Dr. X, who agreed that since the patient seems to have no active lesion that she likely has had a primary outbreak in the past and it is safe to proceed with the vaginal delivery.  The patient requested an epidural anesthetic, which she received with very good relief.  She had IV Pitocin augmentation of labor and became completely dilated per my just routine exam just after 6 o'clock and was set up for delivery and the patient pushed very effectively for about one and a half contractions.  She delivered a viable female infant on 12/27/2008 at 0626 hours delivering over an intact perineum.  The baby delivered in the occiput anterior position.  The baby was delivered to the mother's abdomen where she was warm, dry, and stimulated.  The umbilical cord was doubly clamped and then cut.  The baby's Apgars were 8 and 9.  The placenta was delivered spontaneously intact.  There was a three-vessel cord with normal insertion.  The fundus was massaged to firm and Pitocin was administered through the IV per unit protocol.  The perineum was inspected and was found to be fully intact.  Estimated blood loss was approximately 400 mL.  The patient's blood type is A+.  She is rubella immune and as previously mentioned, GBS positive and she received three doses of ampicillin.
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DESCRIPTION: The patient presented to Labor and Delivery with complaints of spontaneous rupture of membranes.   She was found to be positive for Nitrazine pull and fern.  At that time, she was not actually contracting.

surgery, nitrazine pull and fern, rupture of membranes, spontaneous, membranes, nitrazine, streptococcus, pitocin, perineum, hsv, laborNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental.,

The situation involves a childbirth process where potential complications such as Group B Streptococcus positivity and a history of HSV presence are managed. The patient also had limited prenatal care, which could introduce risk factors. However, the delivery proceeded without complications, with the baby born healthy and the mother's condition stable. While childbirth is inherently high-stakes, the successful management and outcome reduce the stakes in this specific scenario.


Medical Specialty: Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
Sample Name: Lung Cancer & MI - Hospice Cosult

REASON FOR CONSULT: , I was asked to see this patient with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, on hospice with inferior ST-elevation MI.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient from prior strokes has expressive aphasia, is not able to express herself in a clear meaningful fashion.  Her daughter who accompanies her is very attentive whom I had met previously during drainage of a malignant hemorrhagic pericardial effusion last month.  The patient has been feeling well for the last several weeks, per the daughter, but today per the personal aide, became agitated and uncomfortable at about 2:30 p.m.  At about 7 p.m., the patient began vomiting, was noted to be short of breath by her daughter with garbled speech, arms flopping, and irregular head movements.  Her daughter called 911 and her symptoms seemed to improve.  Then, she began vomiting.  When the patient's daughter asked her if she had chest pain, the patient said yes.,She came to the emergency room, an EKG showed inferior ST-elevation MI.  I was called immediately and knowing her history, especially, her hospice status with recent hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, I felt thrombolytic was contraindicated and she would not be a candidate for aggressive interventional therapy with PCI/CABG.  She was begun after discussion with the oncologist, on heparin drip and has received morphine, nitro, and beta-blocker, and currently states that she is pain free.  Repeat EKG shows normalization of her ST elevation in the inferior leads as well as normalization of prior reciprocal changes.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer.  In early-to-mid December, she had an admission and was found to have a malignant pericardial effusion with tamponade requiring urgent drainage.  We did repeat an echo several weeks later and that did not show any recurrence of the pericardial effusion.  She is on hospice from the medical history, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, history of multiple CVA.,MEDICATIONS: , Medications as an outpatient:,1.  Amiodarone 200 mg once a day.,2.  Roxanol concentrate 5 mg three hours p.r.n. pain.,ALLERGIES:  ,CODEINE.  NO SHRIMP, SEAFOOD, OR DYE ALLERGY.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Negative for cardiac disease.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , She does not smoke cigarettes.  She uses alcohol.  No use of illicit drugs.  She is divorced and lives with her daughter.  She is a retired medical librarian from Florida.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:  ,Unable to be obtained due to the patient's aphasia.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Height 5 feet 3, weight of 106 pounds, temperature 97.1 degrees, blood pressure ranges from 138/82 to 111/87, pulse 61, respiratory rate 22.  O2 saturation 100%.  On general exam, she is an elderly woman with now marked aphasia, which per her daughter waxes and wanes, was more pronounced and she nods her head up and down when she says the word, no, and conversely, she nods her head side-to-side when she uses the word yes with some discordance in her head gestures with vocalization.  HEENT shows the cranium is normocephalic and atraumatic.  She has dry mucosal membrane.  She now has a right facial droop, which per her daughter is new.  Neck veins are not distended.  No carotid bruits visible.  Skin:  Warm, well perfused.  Lungs are clear to auscultation anteriorly.  No wheezes.  Cardiac exam:  S1, S2, regular rate.  No significant murmurs.  PMI is nondisplaced.  Abdomen:  Soft, nondistended.  Extremities:  Without edema, on limited exam.  Neurological exam seems to show only the right facial droop.,DIAGNOSTIC/LABORATORY DATA: , EKGs as reviewed above.  Her last ECG shows normalization of prior ST elevation in the inferior leads with Q waves and first-degree AV block, PR interval 280 milliseconds.  Further lab shows sodium 135, potassium 4.2, chloride 98, bicarbonate 26, BUN 9, creatinine 0.8, glucose 162, troponin 0.17, INR 1.27, white blood cell count 1.3, hematocrit 31, platelet count of 179.,Chest x-ray, no significant pericardial effusion.,IMPRESSION: , The patient is a 69-year-old woman with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer with a recent hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, now admitted with cerebrovascular accident and transient inferior myocardial infarction, which appears to be canalized.  I will discuss this in detail with the patient and her daughter, and clearly, her situation is quite guarded with likely poor prognosis, which they are understanding of.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1.  I think it is reasonable to continue heparin, but clearly she would be at risk for hemorrhagic pericardial effusion recurrence.,2.  Morphine is appropriate, especially for preload reduction and other comfort measures as appropriate.,3.  Would avoid other blood thinners including Plavix, Integrilin, and certainly, she is not a candidate for a thrombolytic with which the patient and her daughter are in agreement with after a long discussion.,Other management as per the medical service.  I have discussed the case with Dr. X of the hospitalist service who will be admitting the patient.
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DESCRIPTION: Patient with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, on hospice with inferior ST-elevation MI.  The patient from prior strokes has expressive aphasia, is not able to express herself in a clear meaningful fashion.

This situation involves a patient with a significant medical history including metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, recent hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, and now an inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction while on hospice care. The patient is also experiencing expressive aphasia from prior strokes, complicating communication. The presence of metastatic cancer and recent cardiac events requiring careful management of medications and interventions indicates the situation's complexity and potential impact on the patient's quality of life and prognosis. The medical team's decisions, including the avoidance of certain treatments due to high risks, highlight the high-stakes nature of providing end-of-life care in this context.


Medical Specialty: Obstetrics / Gynecology
Sample Name: Low-Transverse C-Section

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Intrauterine pregnancy at term.,2.  Arrest of dilation. ,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Intrauterine pregnancy at term.,2.  Arrest of dilation.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,  Primary low-transverse cesarean section.,ANESTHESIA: , Epidural.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 1000 mL.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,FINDINGS:  ,Female infant in cephalic presentation, OP position, weight 9 pounds 8 ounces.  Apgars were 9 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes.  Normal uterus, tubes, and ovaries were noted.,INDICATIONS:  ,The patient is a 20-year-old gravida 1, para 0 female, who presented to labor and delivery in early active labor at 40 and 6/7 weeks gestation.  The patient progressed to 8 cm, at which time, Pitocin was started.  She subsequently progressed to 9 cm, but despite adequate contractions, arrested dilation at 9 cm.  A decision was made to proceed with a primary low transverse cesarean section.,The procedure was described to the patient in detail including possible risks of bleeding, infection, injury to surrounding organs, and possible need for further surgery.  Informed consent was obtained prior to proceeding with the procedure.,PROCEDURE NOTE:  ,The patient was taken to the operating room where epidural anesthesia was found to be adequate.  The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion in the dorsal supine position with a left-ward tilt.  A Pfannenstiel skin incision was made with the scalpel and carried through to the underlying layer of fascia using the Bovie.  The fascia was incised in the midline and extended laterally using Mayo scissors.  Kocher clamps were used to elevate the superior aspect of the fascial incision, which was elevated, and the underlying rectus muscles were dissected off bluntly and using Mayo scissors.  Attention was then turned to the inferior aspect of the fascial incision, which in similar fashion was grasped with Kocher clamps, elevated, and the underlying rectus muscles were dissected off bluntly and using Mayo scissors.  The rectus muscles were dissected in the midline.,The peritoneum was bluntly dissected, entered, and extended superiorly and inferiorly with good visualization of the bladder.  The bladder blade was inserted.  The vesicouterine peritoneum was identified with pickups and entered sharply using Metzenbaum scissors.  This incision was extended laterally and the bladder flap was created digitally.  The bladder blade was reinserted.  The lower uterine segment was incised in a transverse fashion using the scalpel and extended using manual traction.  Clear fluid was noted.  The infant was subsequently delivered atraumatically.  The nose and mouth were bulb suctioned.  The cord was clamped and cut.  The infant was subsequently handed to the awaiting nursery nurse.  Next, cord blood was obtained per the patient's request for cord blood donation, which took several minutes to perform.  Subsequent to the collection of this blood, the placenta was removed spontaneously intact with a 3-vessel cord noted.  The uterus was exteriorized and cleared of all clots and debris.  The uterine incision was repaired in 2 layers using 0 chromic suture.  Hemostasis was visualized.  The uterus was returned to the abdomen.,The pelvis was copiously irrigated.  The uterine incision was reexamined and was noted to be hemostatic.  The rectus muscles were reapproximated in the midline using 3-0 Vicryl.  The fascia was closed with 0 Vicryl, the subcutaneous layer was closed with 3-0 plain gut, and the skin was closed with staples.  Sponge, lap, and instrument counts were correct x2.  The patient was stable at the completion of the procedure and was subsequently transferred to the recovery room in stable condition.
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DESCRIPTION: Primary low-transverse cesarean section.

obstetrics / gynecology, intrauterine pregnancy at term, arrest of dilation, cephalic presentation, low transverse cesarean section, cesarean section, rectus muscles, intrauterine,

The case describes a cesarean section procedure, which is a common surgical intervention in obstetrics for the delivery of a baby when vaginal delivery poses risks. While this procedure is routine and often planned, it involves delicate surgical work and the potential for significant complications, such as bleeding (noted as quite substantial with an estimated blood loss of 1000 mL), risks of infection, or potential injury to nearby organs. Moreover, the patient's condition—arrest of dilation despite the use of Pitocin—created a clinical need for surgical intervention to safely deliver the infant. Nonetheless, there were no complications reported during the surgery, and the mother was stable post-procedure, indicating effective management of this high-risk scenario. Thus, while resolved successfully, the procedure itself had inherent high stakes given the potential risks involved.


Medical Specialty: Surgery
Sample Name: Trabeculectomy

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Open angle glaucoma OX,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Open angle glaucoma OX,PROCEDURE:, Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C, XXX eye 0.3 c per mg times three minutes.,INDICATIONS: ,This is a XX-year-old (wo)man with glaucoma in the OX eye, uncontrolled by maximum tolerated medical therapy.,PROCEDURE: ,The risks and benefits of glaucoma surgery were discussed at length with the patient including bleeding, infection, reoperation, retinal detachment, diplopia, ptosis, loss of vision, and loss of the eye, corneal hemorrhage hypotony, elevated pressure, worsening of glaucoma, and corneal edema. Informed consent was obtained. Patient received several sets of drops in his/her XXX eye including Ocuflox, Ocular, and pilocarpine. (S)He was taken to the operating room where monitored anesthetic care was initiated. Retrobulbar anesthesia was then administered to the XXX eye using a 50:50 mixture of 2% plain lidocaine and 0.05% Marcaine. The XXX eye was then prepped and draped in the usual sterile ophthalmic fashion and the microscope was brought in position. A Lieberman lid speculum was used to provide exposure. Vannas scissors and smooth forceps were used to create a 6 mm limbal peritomy superiorly. This was dissected posteriorly with Vannas scissors to produce a fornix based conjunctival flap. Residual episcleral vessels were cauterized with Eraser-tip cautery. Sponges soaked in mitomycin C 0.3 mm per cc were then placed underneath the conjunctival flap and allowed to sit there for 3 minutes checked against the clock. Sponges were removed and area was copiously irrigated with balanced salt solution. A Super blade was then used to fashion a partial thickness limbal based trapezoidal scleral flap. This was dissected anteriorly with a crescent blade to clear cornea. A temporal paracentesis was then made. Scleral flap was lifted and a Super blade was used to enter the anterior chamber. A Kelly-Descemet punch was used to remove a block of limbal tissue. DeWecker scissors were used to perform a surgical iridectomy. The iris was then carefully reposited back into place and the iridectomy was visible through the clear cornea. A scleral flap was then re- approximated back on the bed. One end of the scleral flap was closed with a #10-0 nylon suture in interrupted fashion and the knot was buried. The other end of the scleral flap was closed with #10-0 nylon suture in interrupted fashion and the knot was buried. The anterior chamber was then refilled with balanced salt solution and a small amount of fluid was noted to trickle out of the scleral flap with slow shallowing of the chamber. Therefore it was felt that another #10-0 nylon suture should be placed and it was therefore placed in interrupted fashion half way between each of the end sutures previously placed. The anterior chamber was then again refilled with balanced salt solution and it was noted that there was a small amount of fluid tricking out of the scleral flap and the pressure was felt to be adequate in the anterior chamber. Conjunctiva was then re-approximated to the limbus and closed with #9-0 Vicryl suture on a TG needle at each of the peritomy ends. Then a horizontal mattress style #9-0 Vicryl suture was placed at the center of the conjunctival peritomy. The conjunctival peritomy was checked for any leaks and was noted to be watertight using Weck- cel sponge. The anterior chamber was inflated and there was noted that the superior bleb was well formed. At the end of the case, the pupil was round, the chamber was formed and the pressure was felt to be adequate. Speculum and drapes were carefully removed. Ocuflox and Maxitrol ointment were placed over the eye. Atropine was also placed over the eye. Then an eye patch and eye shield were placed over the eye. The patient was taken to the recovery room in good condition. There were no complications.
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DESCRIPTION: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C - Sample/Template.

surgery, trabeculectomy, kelly-descemet punch, maxitrol ointment, open angle glaucoma, tg needle, bleeding, corneal edema, corneal hemorrhage hypotony, diplopia, elevated pressure, glaucoma, infection, iridectomy, loss of the eye, loss of vision, mitomycin c, ptosis, reoperation, retinal detachment, temporal paracentesis, worsening of glaucoma, balanced salt solution, anterior chamber, scleral flap, eye, angle, mitomycin, conjunctival, chamber, flap,

The procedure described is a surgical intervention for glaucoma, which is a serious eye condition that can lead to blindness if not properly managed. The preoperative and postoperative scenarios, as well as the risks discussed and managed during the procedure, indicate the potential for significant consequences if the surgery does not go as planned. However, it also appears that the procedure was successful and handled in a controlled manner without complications, which somewhat mitigates the stakes from the outcome perspective.


Medical Specialty: Obstetrics / Gynecology
Sample Name: Exploratory Laparotomy - 2

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1.  Pelvic mass.,2.  Suspected right ovarian cyst.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1.  Pelvic mass.,2.  Suspected right ovarian cyst.,PROCEDURES,1.  Exploratory laparotomy.,2.  Extensive lysis of adhesions.,3.  Right salpingo-oophorectomy.,ANESTHESIA:,  General.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 200 mL,SPECIMENS:  ,Right tube and ovary.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,FINDINGS: , Extensive adhesive disease with the omentum and bowel walling of the entire pelvis, which required more than 45 minutes of operating time in order to establish visualization and to clear the bowel and other important structures from the ovarian cyst, tube, and ovary in order to remove them.  The large and small bowels were completely enveloping a large right ovarian cystic mass.  Normal anatomy was difficult to see due to adhesions.  Cyst was ruptured incidentally intraoperatively with approximately 150 mL to 200 mL of turbid fluid.  Cyst wall, tube, and ovary were stripped away from the bowel.  Posterior peritoneum was also removed in order to completely remove the cyst wall ovary and tube.  There was excellent postoperative hemostasis.,PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was taken to the operating room, where general anesthesia was achieved without difficulty.  She was then placed in a dorsal supine position and prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  A vertical midline incision was made from the umbilicus and extended to the symphysis pubis along the line of the patient's prior incision.  Incision was carried down carefully until the peritoneal cavity was reached.  Care was taken upon entry of the peritoneum to avoid injury of underlying structures.  At this point, the extensive adhesive disease was noted, again requiring greater than 45 minutes of dissection in order to visualize the intended anatomy for surgery.  The omentum was carefully stripped away from the patient's right side developing a window.  This was extended down along the inferior portion of the incision removing the omentum from its adhesions to the anterior peritoneum and what appears to be the vesicouterine peritoneum.  A large mass of bowel was noted to be adherent to itself causing a quite tortuous course.  Adhesiolysis was performed in order to free up the bowel in order to pack it out of the pelvis.  Excellent hemostasis was noted.  The bowel was then packed over of the pelvis allowing visualization of a matted mass of large and small bowel surrounding a large ovarian cyst.  Careful adhesive lysis and dissection enabled the colon to be separated from the posterior wall of the cyst.  Small bowel and portion of the colon were adherent anteriorly on the cyst and during the dissection of these to remove them from their attachment, the cyst was ruptured.  Large amount of turbid fluid was noted and was evacuated.  The cyst wall was then carefully placed under tension and stripped away from the patient's small and large bowel.  Once the bowel was freed, the remnants of round ligament was identified, elevated, and the peritoneum was incised opening the retroperitoneal space.,The retroperitoneal space was opened following the line of the ovarian vessels, which were identified and elevated and a window made inferior to the ovarian vessels, but superior to the course of the ureter.  This pedicle was doubly clamped, transected, and tied with a free tie of #2-0 Vicryl.  A suture ligature of #0 Vicryl was used to obtain hemostasis.  Excellent hemostasis was noted at this pedicle.  The posterior peritoneum and portion of the remaining broad ligament were carefully dissected and shelled out to remove the tube and ovary, which was still densely adherent to the peritoneum.  Care was taken at the side of the remnant of the uterine vessels.  However, a laceration of the uterine vessels did occur, which was clamped with a right-angle clamp, and carefully sutured ligated with excellent hemostasis noted.  Remainder of the specimen was then shelled out including portions of the posterior and sidewall peritoneum and removed.,The opposite tube and ovary were identified, were also matted behind a large amount of large bowel and completely enveloped and wrapped in the fallopian tube.  Minimal dissection was performed in order to ascertain and ensure that the ovary appeared completely normal.  It was then left in situ.  Hemostasis was achieved in the pelvis with the use of electrocautery.  The abdomen and pelvis were copiously irrigated with warm saline solution.  The peritoneal edges were inspected and found to have good hemostasis after the side of the uterine artery pedicle, and the ovarian vessel pedicle.  The areas of the bowel had previously been dissected and due to adhesive disease, it was carefully inspected and excellent hemostasis was noted.,All instruments and packs removed from the patient's abdomen.  The abdomen was closed with a running mattress closure of #0 PDS, beginning at the superior aspect of the incision, and extending inferiorly.  Excellent closure of the incision was noted.  The subcutaneous tissues were then copiously irrigated.  Hemostasis was achieved with the use of cautery.  Subcutaneous tissues were reapproximated to close the edge space with a several interrupted sutures of #0 plain gut suture.  The skin was closed with staples.,Incision was sterilely clean and dressed.  The patient was awakened from general anesthesia and taken to the recovery room in stable condition.  All counts were noted correct times three.
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DESCRIPTION: Exploratory laparotomy.  Extensive lysis of adhesions.  Right salpingo-oophorectomy.   Pelvic mass, suspected right ovarian cyst.

obstetrics / gynecology, pelvic mass, ovarian cyst, exploratory laparotomy, lysis of adhesions, salpingo-oophorectomy, cyst, bowel, adhesions, uterine, abdomen, pelvis, ovary, peritoneum, ovarian, hemostasis,

The situation described involves a complex surgical procedure that addresses significant health concerns, such as a pelvic mass and suspected ovarian cyst. The surgery included an exploratory laparotomy, extensive lysis of adhesions, and right salpingo-oophorectomy. These procedures indicate a high level of complexity and potential risk due to the presence of extensive adhesions and the need for careful dissection to avoid damaging important structures. Additionally, there was an incidental rupture of the cyst intraoperatively, requiring management of cyst fluid spillage into the abdomen. Despite a successful outcome and no complications noted, the stakes are high due to the potential for significant intraoperative and postoperative complications, the necessity of preserving reproductive health, and the implications for the patient's quality of life.


You are an LLM as part of a medical assistant system, interacting with medical practitioners to improve efficiency.

Medical Specialty: Dentistry
Sample Name: Mandible Fractures Closed Reduction

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a 22-year-old male who sustained a mandible fracture and was seen in the emergency department at Hospital.  He was seen in my office today and scheduled for surgery today for closed reduction of the mandible fractures.,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Left angle and right body mandible fractures.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Left angle and right body mandible fractures.,PROCEDURE: , Closed reduction of mandible fractures with Erich arch bars and elastic fixation.,ANESTHESIA:,  General nasotracheal.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,CONDITION:,  Stable to PACU.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the operating room and placed on the table in a supine position and after demonstration of an adequate plane of general anesthesia via the nasotracheal route, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for placement of arch bars.  Gauze throat pack was placed and upper and lower arch bars were placed on the maxillary and mandibular dentition with a 25-gauge circumdental wires.  After the placement of the arch bars, the occlusion was checked and found to be satisfactory and stable.  The throat pack was then removed.  An NG tube was then passed and approximately 50 cc of stomach contents were suctioned out.,The elastic fixation was then placed on the arch bars holding the patient in maxillomandibular fixation and at this point, the procedure was terminated and the patient was then awakened, extubated, and taken to the PACU in stable condition.
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DESCRIPTION: Closed reduction of mandible fractures with Erich arch bars and elastic fixation.  Left angle and right body mandible fractures.

dentistry, closed reduction of mandible fractures, erich arch bars, elastic fixation, throat pack, arch bars, arch, erich, mandible, fractures

The situation involves a medical procedure for a 22-year-old male with fractures in the mandible, which requires closed reduction with general anesthesia. Although this type of surgery is relatively standard in oral and maxillofacial surgery, the presence of fractures and the use of general anesthesia inherently involve some level of risk and importance. Furthermore, any surgery involving the mandible can have significant implications for the patient's ability to eat, speak, and breathe comfortably, postoperatively. The stakes are amplified by the young age of the patient and potential impact on quality of life. However, there were no complications reported, and the patient was stable post-procedure, which indicates that, in the context of surgical procedures, this does not represent the highest stakes.


Medical Specialty: Ophthalmology
Sample Name: Ruptured Globe Repair - Posterior Sclera

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Ruptured globe OX.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Ruptured globe OX.,PROCEDURE: , Repair of ruptured globe OX.,ANESTHESIA:, General,SPECIMENS:,  None.,COMPLICATIONS: ,None.,INDICATIONS:, This is a XX-year-old (wo)man with a ruptured globe of the XXX eye.,PROCEDURE:, The risks and benefits of eye surgery were discussed at length with the patient, including bleeding, infection, re-operation, loss of vision, and loss of the eye. Informed consent was obtained. The patient received IV antibiotics including Ancef and Levaeuin prior to surgery. The patient was brought to the operating room and placud in the supine position, where (s)he wad prepped and draped in the routine fashion. A wire lid speculum was placed to provide exposure.,Upon examination and dissection of the conjunctiva superiorly, a scleral rupture was found. The rupture extended approximately 15 mm in length superior to the cornea, approximately 2 mm from the limbus in a horizontal fashion. There was also a rupture at the limbus, near the middle of this laceration, causing the anterior chamber to be flat. There was a large blood clot filling the anterior chamber. An attempt was made to wash out the anterior chamber with BSS on a cannula. The BSS was injected through the limbal rupture, which communicated with the anterior chamber. The blood clot did not move. It was extremely adherent to the iris.,At that time, the rupture that involved the limbus from approximately 10:30 until 12 o'clock was closed using 1 suture of 10-0 nylon. The scleral laceration was then closed using 10 interrupted sutures with 9-0 Vicryl. At that time, the anterior chamber was formed and appeared to be fairly deep. The wounds were checked and found to be watertight. The knots were rotated posteriorly and the conjunctiva was draped up over the sutures and sewn into position at the limbus using four 7-0 Vicryl sutures, 2 nasally and 2 temporally. All suture knots were buried.  ,Gentamicin 0.5 cc was injected subconjunctivally. Then, the speculum was removed. The drapes were removed. Several drops of Ocuflox and Maxitrol ointment were placed in the XXX eye. An eye patch and shield were placed over the eye. The patient was awakened from general anesthesia without difficulty and taken to the recovery room in good condition.
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DESCRIPTION: Repair of ruptured globe involving posterior sclera - Sample/Template.

ophthalmology, ruptured globe, ancef, bss, maxitrol ointment, ocuflox, anterior chamber, bleeding, conjunctiva, infection, limbus, loss of the eye, loss of vision, re-operation, scleral laceration, scleral rupture, wire lid speculum, repair of ruptured globe, ruptured, anterior, chamber, globe

This scenario involves a surgical procedure to repair a ruptured globe, which is a serious eye injury potentially risking vision and even the eye itself. The surgery entails addressing complications like bleeding and infection, making it a high-stakes situation due to the risk of significant consequences, such as loss of vision or eye. Additionally, the surgery involves precise and careful repair of eye tissues and carries inherent risks, all of which underscores the critical nature of the procedure.


Medical Specialty: Urology
Sample Name: Cystourethroscopy & TURP - 1

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Urinary retention.,2.  Benign prostate hypertrophy.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Urinary retention.,2.  Benign prostate hypertrophy.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED:,1.  Cystourethroscopy.,2.  Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).,ANESTHESIA:,  Spinal.,RESECTION TIME:,  Less than one hour.,INDICATION FOR PROCEDURE:  ,This is a 62-year-old male with a history of urinary retention and progressive obstructive voiding symptoms and enlarged prostate 60 g on ultrasound, office cystoscopy confirmed this.,PROCEDURE:  PROCEDURE: , Informed written consent was obtained.  The patient was taken to the operative suite, administered spinal anesthetic and placed in dorsal lithotomy position.  She was sterilely prepped and draped in normal fashion.  A #27-French resectoscope was inserted utilizing the visual obturator blanching the bladder.  The bladder was visualized in all quadrants, no bladder tumors or stones were noted.  Ureteral orifices were visualized and did appear to be near the enlarged median lobe.  Prostate showed trilobar prostatic enlargement.  There were some cellules and tuberculations noted.  The visual obturator was removed.  The resectoscope was then inserted utilizing the #26 French resectoscope loop.  Resection was performed initiating at the bladder neck and at the median lobe.,This was taken down to the circular capsular fibers.  Attention was then turned to the left lateral lobe and this was resected from 12 o'clock to 3 o'clock down to the capsular fibers maintaining hemostasis along the way and taking care not to resect beyond the level of the verumontanum.  Ureteral orifices were kept out of harm's way throughout the case.  Resection was then performed from the 3 o'clock position to the 6 o'clock position in similar fashion.  Attention was then turned to the right lateral lobe and this was resected again in a similar fashion maintaining hemostasis along the way.  The resectoscope was then moved to the level of the proximal external sphincter and trimming of the apex was performed.  Open prostatic fossa was noted.  All chips were evacuated via Ellik evacuator and #24 French three-way Foley catheter was inserted and irrigated.  Clear return was noted.  The patient was then hooked up to better irrigation.  The patient was cleaned, reversed for anesthetic, and transferred to recovery room in stable condition.,PLAN:  ,We will admit with antibiotics, pain control, and bladder irrigation possible void trial in the morning.
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DESCRIPTION: Cystourethroscopy and tTransurethral resection of prostate (TURP).  Urinary retention and benign prostate hypertrophy.  This is a 62-year-old male with a history of urinary retention and progressive obstructive voiding symptoms and enlarged prostate 60 g on ultrasound, office cystoscopy confirmed this.

urology, urinary retention, transurethral resection of prostate, prostate, enlarged, obstructive voiding symptoms, benign prostate hypertrophy, ureteral orifices, prostate hypertrophy, cystourethroscopy, turp, hypertrophy, resectoscope, urinary, bladder, resection,

The procedure described involves a TURP, which is a common and relatively low-risk surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While it requires anesthesia and surgical precision, complications are typically rare and recovery is usually straightforward, involving monitoring and potential overnight stay. As such, it does not pose an immediate life-threatening situation, although it still involves surgical risks.