Medical Specialty: General Medicine
Sample Name: Congestion & Cough - 5-month-Old

CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Congestion and cough.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:  ,The patient is a 5-month-old infant who presented initially on Monday with a cold, cough, and runny nose for 2 days.  Mom states she had no fever.  Her appetite was good but she was spitting up a lot.  She had no difficulty breathing and her cough was described as dry and hacky.  At that time, physical exam showed a right TM, which was red.  Left TM was okay.  She was fairly congested but looked happy and playful.  She was started on Amoxil and Aldex and we told to recheck in 2 weeks to recheck her ear.  Mom returned to clinic again today because she got much worse overnight.  She was having difficulty breathing.  She was much more congested and her appetite had decreased significantly today.  She also spiked a temperature yesterday of 102.6 and always having trouble sleeping secondary to congestion.,ALLERGIES: , She has no known drug allergies.,MEDICATIONS:  ,None except the Amoxil and Aldex started on Monday.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:  ,Negative.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , She lives with mom, sister, and her grandparent.,BIRTH HISTORY: , She was born, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery at Woman's weighing 7 pounds 3 ounces.  No complications.  Prevented, she passed her hearing screen at birth.,IMMUNIZATIONS: , Also up-to-date.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , Negative.,FAMILY HISTORY:  ,Noncontributory.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS:  Her respiratory rate was approximately 60 to 65.,GENERAL:  She was very congested and she looked miserable.  She had no retractions at this time.,HEENT:  Her right TM was still red and irritated with no light reflex.  Her nasal discharge was thick and whitish yellow.  Her throat was clear.  Her extraocular muscles were intact.,NECK:  Supple.  Full range of motion.,CARDIOVASCULAR EXAM:  She was tachycardic without murmur.,LUNGS:  Revealed diffuse expiratory wheezing.,ABDOMEN:  Soft, nontender, and nondistended.,EXTREMITIES:  Showed no clubbing, cyanosis or edema.,LABORATORY DATA:  ,Her chem panel was normal.  RSV screen is positive.  Chest x-ray and CBC are currently pending.,IMPRESSION AND PLAN:  ,RSV bronchiolitis with otitis media.  Admit for oral Orapred, IV Rocephin, nebulizer treatments and oxygen as needed.
---
DESCRIPTION: A 5-month-old infant with cold, cough, and runny nose for 2 days.  Mom states she had no fever.  Her appetite was good but she was spitting up a lot.

The situation involves a 5-month-old infant presenting with significant respiratory distress due to RSV bronchiolitis, which is a serious condition in infants. The baby’s respiratory rate is elevated, there is expiratory wheezing, and she has spiked a high fever. These symptoms indicate potential respiratory failure, making the situation urgent and potentially life-threatening. Hospital admission and immediate medical treatment, including IV medication and nebulizer treatments, are planned. The young age and rapid progression of symptoms elevate the stakes significantly.


You are an LLM as part of a medical assistant system, interacting with medical practitioners to improve efficiency.

Medical Specialty: Orthopedic
Sample Name: Shoulder Pain Consult

CHIEF COMPLAINT:,  Right shoulder pain.,HISTORY OF PRESENT PROBLEM:
---
DESCRIPTION: Consultation for right shoulder pain.

Consultation for right shoulder pain.

orthopedic, shoulder pain, history of present problem:, cortisone shot, no numbness or tingling, rhomboids, scapula, shoulder impingement, focal findings, shoulder,

A consultation for right shoulder pain in the field of orthopedics is a common scenario. While shoulder pain can affect a patient's daily activities and quality of life, it is not typically an emergency or life-threatening situation, unless accompanied by serious symptoms such as inability to move the shoulder, severe swelling, or signs of infection. The high-stakes nature of the scenario would increase if there are such severe symptoms or if the patient has an urgent condition impacting other aspects of their health.

Filled in based on scale_labels and scale_label_confidence


Medical Specialty: Orthopedic
Sample Name: Hardware Removal - Ulnar

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Retained hardware, right ulnar.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Retained hardware, right ulnar,PROCEDURE: , Hardware removal, right ulnar.,ANESTHESIA:,  The patient received 2.5 mL of 0.25% Marcaine and local anesthetic.,COMPLICATIONS: , No intraoperative complications.,DRAINS: , None.,SPECIMENS: , None.,HISTORY AND PHYSICAL:  ,The patient is a 5-year, 5-month-old male who sustained a both-bone forearm fracture in September 2007.  The fracture healed uneventfully, but then the patient subsequently suffered a refracture one month ago.  The patient had shortening in arms, noted in both bones.  The parents opted for surgical stabilization with nailing.  This was performed one month ago on return visit.  His ulnar nail was quite prominent underneath the skin.  It was decided to remove the ulnar nail early and place the patient in another cast for 3 weeks.,Risks and benefits of the surgery were discussed with the mother.  Risk of surgery incudes risks of anesthesia, infection, bleeding, changes in sensation in most of the extremity, need for longer casting.  All questions were answered and mother agreed to above plan.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:  ,The patient was seen in the operative room, placed supine on operating room table.  General anesthesia was then administered.  The patient was given Ancef preoperatively.  The left elbow was prepped and draped in a standard surgical fashion.  A small incision was made over the palm with K-wire.  This was removed without incident.  The wound was irrigated.  The bursitis was curetted.  Wounds closed using #4-0 Monocryl.  The wound was clean and dry, dressed with Xeroform 4 x 4s and Webril.  Please note the area infiltrated with 0.25% Marcaine.  The patient was then placed in a long-arm cast.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was subsequently taken to the recovery room in stable condition.,POSTOPERATIVE PLAN:  ,The patient will maintain the cast for 3 more weeks.  Intraoperative nail was given to the mother.  The patient to take Tylenol with Codeine as needed.  All questions were answered.,
---
DESCRIPTION: Hardware removal, right ulnar

Hardware removal, right ulnar

orthopedic, both-bone forearm fracture, retained hardware, hardware removal, hardware, forearm, ulnar,

The procedure described is a standard surgical intervention for the removal of hardware following orthopedic surgery due to forearm fracture. Despite potential risks related to anesthesia and surgery, they are typical of most surgical procedures and are generally well-managed by medical professionals. The patient, a child, has shown no intraoperative complications, and the procedure and recovery plans are clearly outlined. While surgery always contains inherent risks, this particular situation is not usually categorized as high-stakes given its relative routine nature and the low incidence of complications in hardware removal procedures.


Medical Specialty: Consult - History and Phy.
Sample Name: Sick Sinus Syndrome

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is an 85-year-old gentleman who has a history of sick sinus syndrome for which he has St. Jude permanent pacemaker.  Pacemaker battery has reached end of life and the patient is dependent on his pacemaker with 100% pacing in the right ventricle.  He also has a fairly advanced degree of Alzheimer's dementia and is living in an assisted care facility.  The patient is unable to make his own health care decision and his daughter ABC has medical power of attorney.  The patient's dementia has resulted in the patient's having sufficient and chronic anger and his daughter that he refuses to speak with her, refuses to be in a same room with her.  For this reason the Casa Grande Regional Medical Center would obtain surgical and anesthesia consent from the patient's daughter in the fashion keeps the patient and daughter separated.  Furthermore it is important to note that his degree of dementia has disabled the patient to adequately self monitor his status following surgery for significant changes and to seek appropriate medical care, hence he will be admitted after the pacemaker exchange.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1.  Sick sinus syndrome, pacemaker dependence with 100% with right ventricular pacing.,2.  Dementia of Alzheimer's disease.,3.  Gastroesophageal reflux disease.,4.  Multiple pacemaker implantation and exchanges.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Unobtainable.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient resides full time at ABC supervised living facility.  He is nonsmoker, nondrinker.  He uses wheelchair and moves himself about with his feet.  He is independent of activities of daily living and dependent on independent activities of daily living.,ALLERGIES TO MEDICATIONS: , No known drug allergies.,MEDICATIONS:  ,Omeprazole 20 mg p.o. daily, furosemide 20 mg p.o. daily, citalopram 20 mg p.o. daily, loratadine 10 mg p.o. p.r.n.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , A 10 systems review negative for chest pain, pressure, shortness of breath, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, syncope, near-syncopal episodes.  Negative for recent falls.  Positive for significant memory loss.  All other review of systems is negative.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL:  The patient is an 85-year-old gentleman in no acute distress, sitting in the wheelchair.,VITAL SIGNS:  Blood pressure is 118/68, pulse is 80 and regular, respirations 16, weight is 200 pounds, oxygen saturation is 90% on room air.,HEENT:  Head atraumatic and normocephalic.  Eyes, pupils are equal and reactive to light and accommodate bilaterally, free from focal lesions.  Ears, nose, mouth, and throat.,NECK:  Supple.  No lymphadenopathy, thyromegaly, or thyroid masses appreciated.,CARDIOVASCULAR:  No JVD or no jugular venous distention.  No carotid bruits bilaterally.  Pacemaker pocket right upper thorax with healed surgical incisions.  S1 and S2 are normal.  No S3 or S4.  There are no murmurs.  No heaves or thrills, gout, or gallops.  Trace edema at dorsum of his feet and ankles.  Femoral pulses are present without bruits, posterior tibial pulses would be palpable bilaterally.,RESPIRATORY:  Breath sounds are clear but diminished throughout AP diameters expanded.  The patient speaks in full sentences.  No wheezing, no accessory muscles used for breathing.,GASTROINTESTINAL:  Abdomen is soft and nontender.  Bowel sounds are active in all 4 quadrants.  No palpable pulses.  No abdominal bruit is appreciated.  No hepatosplenomegaly.,GENITOURINARY:  Nonfocal.,MUSCULOSKELETAL:  Muscle strength in lower extremities is 4/5 bilaterally.  Upper extremities are 5/5 bilaterally with adequate range of motion.,SKIN:  Warm and dry.  No obvious rashes, lesions, or ulcerations. ,NEUROLOGIC:  Alert, not oriented to place and date.  His speech is clear.  There are no focal motor or sensory deficits.,PSYCHIATRIC:  Talkative, pleasant affect with limited impulse control, severe short-term memory loss.,LABORATORY DATA:,  Blood work dated 12/15/08, white count 4.7, hemoglobin 11.9, hematocrit 33.9, and platelets 115,000.  BUN 19, creatinine 1.15, glucose 94, potassium 4.5, sodium 140, and calcium 8.6.,DIAGNOSTIC DATA:,  St. Jude pacemaker interrogation dated 11/10/08 shows single chamber pacemaker and VVIR mode, implant date 08/2000, 100% paced in right ventricle, battery status is ERI.  A 12-lead ECG 12/15/08 shows 100% paced rhythm with rate of 80.  No Q waves at the baseline of atrial fibrillation.  Last measured ejection fraction 40% 12/08 with no significant decompensation.,IMPRESSION/PLAN:,1.  Sick sinus syndrome.,2.  Atrial fibrillation.,3.  Pacemaker dependent.,4.  Mild cardiomyopathy with ejection fraction 40% and no significant decompensation.,5.  Pacemaker battery end of life requiring exchange.,6.  Dementia of Alzheimer's disease with short and long term memory dysfunction.  The dementia disables the patient from recognizing changes in his health status in knowing if he needed to seek appropriate health care.  Dementia also renders the patient incapable informed consent, schedule the patient for pacemaker.  I explain the patient and reimplantation with any device in the surgical suite.  He will require anesthesia assistance for adequate sedation as the patient possesses behavioral risk secondary to his advanced dementia.,7.  Admit the patient after surgery for postoperative care and monitoring.
---
DESCRIPTION: Sick sinus syndrome, atrial fibrillation, pacemaker dependent, mild cardiomyopathy with ejection fraction 40% and no significant decompensation, and dementia of Alzheimer's disease with short and long term memory dysfunction

This scenario is high-stakes for several reasons. The patient is an 85-year-old individual who is entirely dependent on a pacemaker which needs urgent replacement due to the battery reaching the end of life. This is critical as the patient's heart relies 100% on the pacemaker, making timely surgery crucial to avoid life-threatening outcomes. Additionally, the patient has advanced Alzheimer's dementia, complicating both consent for the procedure and post-operative monitoring, as the patient cannot self-manage or recognize health changes. The patient's estrangement from his daughter, who holds medical power of attorney, adds further complexity to managing consent and communication. Coordinating the surgery and subsequent care requires careful management to ensure both medical and legal processes are adhered to, while also providing the necessary immediate and effective healthcare interventions.


Medical Specialty: Consult - History and Phy.
Sample Name: Ankle Pain - Consult

IDENTIFICATION: , The patient is a 15-year-old female.,CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Right ankle pain.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:,  The patient was running and twisted her right ankle.  There were no other injuries.  She complains of right ankle pain on the lateral aspect.  She is brought in by her mother.  Her primary care physician is Dr. Brown.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,  Otherwise negative except as stated above.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,  None.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , None.,MEDICATIONS:,  None.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , Mother appears loving and caring.  There is no evidence of abuse.,ALLERGIES:,  No known drug allergies.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , General:  The patient is alert and oriented x4 in mild distress without diaphoresis.  She is nonlethargic and nontoxic.  Vitals:  Within normal limits.  The right ankle shows no significant swelling.  There is no ecchymosis.  There is no significant tenderness to palpation.  The ankle has good range of motion.  The foot is nontender.  Vascular:  +2/2 dorsalis pedis pulse.  All compartments are soft.  Capillary refill less than 2 seconds.,DIAGNOSTIC TEST:,  The patient had an x-ray of the right ankle, which interpreted by myself shows no acute fracture or dislocation.,MEDICAL DECISION MAKING: , Due to the fact this patient has no evidence of an ankle fracture, she can be safely discharged to home.  She is able to walk on it without significant pain, thus I recommend rest for 1 week and follow up with the doctor if she has persistent pain.  She may need to see a specialist, but at this time this is a very mild ankle injury.  There is no significant physical finding, and I foresee no complications.  I will give her 1 week off of PE.,MORBIDITY/MORTALITY:,  I expect no acute complications.  A full medical screening exam was done and no emergency medical condition exists upon discharge.,COMPLEXITY:,  Moderate.  The differential includes fracture, contusion, abrasion, laceration, and sprain.,ASSESSMENT:,  Right ankle sprain.,PLAN:,  Discharge the patient home and have her follow up with her doctor in 1 week if symptoms persist.  She is advised to return immediately p.r.n. severe pain, worsening, not better, etc.
---
DESCRIPTION: The patient was running and twisted her right ankle - right ankle sprain.

The situation involves a 15-year-old patient with a right ankle sprain that does not show any acute fracture or dislocation, as confirmed by an x-ray. The patient is in mild distress but does not exhibit any alarming symptoms such as significant swelling or inability to bear weight. She is discharged with instructions for rest and follow-up if symptoms persist. The medical decision indicates that this is a mild injury with no expected complications. Overall, while there is a need for medical attention, the situation is not high-stakes as there are no immediate life-threatening conditions or severe injury involved.


Medical Specialty: Obstetrics / Gynecology
Sample Name: Low-Transverse C-Section - 4

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Postdates pregnancy.,2.  Failure to progress.,3.  Meconium stained amniotic fluid.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Postdates pregnancy.,2.  Failure to progress.,3.  Meconium stained amniotic fluid.,OPERATION:,  Primary low-transverse C-section.,ANESTHESIA:,  Epidural.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION:  ,The patient was taken to the operating room and under epidural anesthesia, she was prepped and draped in the usual manner.  Anesthesia was tested and found to be adequate.  Incision was made, Pfannenstiel, approximately 1.5 fingerbreadths above the symphysis pubis and carried sharply through subcutaneous and fascial layers without difficulty; the fascia being incised laterally.  Bleeders were bovied.  Rectus muscles were separated from the overlying fascia with blunt and sharp dissection.  Muscles were separated in the midline.  Peritoneum was entered sharply and incision was carried out laterally in each direction.  Bladder blade was placed and bladder flap developed with blunt and sharp dissection.  A horizontal _______ incision was made in the lower uterine segment and carried laterally in each direction.  Allis was placed in the incision, and an uncomplicated extraction of a 7 pound 4 ounce, Apgar 9 female was accomplished and given to the pediatric service in attendance.  Infant was carefully suctioned after delivery of the head and body.  Cord blood was collected.  _______ and endometrial cavity was wiped free of membranes and clots.  Lower segment incision was inspected.  There were some extensive adhesions on the left side and a figure-of-eight suture of 1 chromic was placed on both lateral cuff borders and the cuff was closed with two interlocking layers of 1 chromic.  Bleeding near the left cuff required an additional suture of 1 chromic after which hemostasis was present.  Cul-de-sac was suctioned free of blood and clots and irrigated.  Fundus was delivered back into the abdominal cavity and lateral gutters were suctioned free of blood and clots and irrigated.  Lower segment incision was again inspected and found to be hemostatic.  The abdominal wall was then closed in layers, 2-0 chromic on the peritoneum, 0 Maxon on the fascia, 3-0 plain on the subcutaneous and staples on the skin.  Hemostasis was present between all layers.  The area was gently irrigated across the peritoneum and fascial layers.  There were no intraoperative complications except blood loss.  The patient was taken to the recovery room in satisfactory condition.
---
DESCRIPTION: Primary low-transverse C-section.  Postdates pregnancy, failure to progress, meconium stained amniotic fluid.

obstetrics / gynecology, pregnancy, meconium stained amniotic fluid, low transverse c section, amniotic fluid, meconium, peritoneum, blood, chromic, fascial, amniotic, incision,

A C-section, especially in the context of obstetrics and gynecology, is a significant surgical procedure with associated risks both for the mother and the baby, especially when factors such as postdates pregnancy, failure to progress, and meconium-stained amniotic fluid are involved. These conditions can indicate potential complications which increase the stakes of the surgical intervention. The situation is further elevated by the need for immediate surgical delivery due to the mentioned conditions. While the operation was reported as successful, the stakes are inherently high due to the potential impact on maternal and neonatal health.


Medical Specialty: Consult - History and Phy.
Sample Name: Cholangiocarcinoma Consult

REASON FOR CONSULTATION:,  Newly diagnosed cholangiocarcinoma.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient is a very pleasant 77-year-old female who is noted to have an increase in her liver function tests on routine blood work in December 2009.  Ultrasound of the abdomen showed gallbladder sludge and gallbladder findings consistent with adenomyomatosis.  Common bile duct was noted to be 10 mm in size on that ultrasound.  She then underwent a CT scan of the abdomen in July 2010, which showed intrahepatic ductal dilatation with the common bile duct size being 12.7 mm.  She then underwent an MRI MRCP, which was notable for stricture of the distal common bile duct.  She was then referred to gastroenterology and underwent an ERCP.  On August 24, 2010, she underwent the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.  She was noted to have a stricturing mass of the mid-to-proximal common bile duct consistent with cholangiocarcinoma.  A temporary biliary stent was placed across the biliary stricture.  Blood work was obtained during the hospitalization.  She was also noted to have an elevated CA99.  She comes in to clinic today for initial Medical Oncology consultation.  After she sees me this morning, she has a follow-up consultation with a surgeon.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:  ,Significant for hypertension and hyperlipidemia.  In July, she had eye surgery on her left eye for a muscle repair.  Other surgeries include left ankle surgery for a fractured ankle in 2000.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS: , Diovan 80/12.5 mg daily, Lipitor 10 mg daily, Lutein 20 mg daily, folic acid 0.8 mg daily and multivitamin daily.,ALLERGIES:  ,No known drug allergies.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Notable for heart disease.  She had three brothers that died of complications from open heart surgery.  Her parents and brothers all had hypertension.  Her younger brother died at the age of 18 of infection from a butcher's shop.  He was cutting Argentinean beef and contracted an infection and died within 24 hours.  She has one brother that is living who has angina and a sister who is 84 with dementia.  She has two adult sons who are in good health.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , The patient has been married to her second husband for the past ten years.  Her first husband died in 1995.  She does not have a smoking history and does not drink alcohol.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:  ,The patient reports a change in her bowels ever since she had the stent placed.  She has noted some weight loss, but she notes that that is due to not eating very well.  She has had some mild fatigue, but prior to her diagnosis she had absolutely no symptoms.  As mentioned above, she was noted to have abnormal alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin, AST and ALT, which prompted the followup.  She has had some difficulty with her vision that has improved with her recent surgical procedure.  She denies any fevers, chills, night sweats.  She has had loose stools.  The rest of her review of systems is negative.,PHYSICAL EXAM:,VITALS:
---
DESCRIPTION: Newly diagnosed cholangiocarcinoma.  The patient is noted to have an increase in her liver function tests on routine blood work.  Ultrasound of the abdomen showed gallbladder sludge and gallbladder findings consistent with adenomyomatosis.

The situation involves a newly diagnosed case of cholangiocarcinoma, a type of cancer with potentially serious implications. The consult is crucial as it impacts the treatment plan and the prognosis of the patient, who is already undergoing procedures and treatment modifications. Early decisions in cancer treatment can significantly affect survival and quality of life.


Medical Specialty: Gastroenterology
Sample Name: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - 12

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Gastroesophageal reflux disease.,2.  Hiatal hernia.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Gastroesophageal reflux disease.,2.  Hiatal hernia.,3.  Enterogastritis.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:  ,Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, photography, and biopsy.,GROSS FINDINGS: , The patient has a history of epigastric abdominal pain, persistent in nature.  She has a history of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease, takes Pepcid frequently.  She has had a history of hiatal hernia.  She is being evaluated at this time for disease process.  She does not have much response from Protonix.,Upon endoscopy, the gastroesophageal junction is approximately 40 cm.  There appeared to be some inflammation at the gastroesophageal junction and a small 1 cm to 2 cm hiatal hernia.  There is no advancement of the gastric mucosa up into the lower one-third of the esophagus.  However there appeared to be inflammation as stated previously in the gastroesophageal junction.  There was some mild inflammation at the antrum of the stomach.  The fundus of the stomach was within normal limits.  The cardia showed some laxity to the lower esophageal sphincter.  The pylorus is concentric.  The duodenal bulb and sweep are within normal limits.  No ulcers or erosions.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , The patient is taken to the Endoscopy Suite, prepped and draped in the left lateral decubitus position.  The patient was given IV sedation using Demerol and Versed.  Olympus videoscope was inserted into the hypopharynx and upon deglutition passed into the esophagus.  Using air insufflation, panendoscope was advanced down the esophagus into the stomach along the greater curvature of the stomach through the pylorus into the duodenal bulb and sweep and the above gross findings were noted.  Panendoscope was slowly withdrawn carefully examining the lumen of the bowel.  Photographs were taken with the pathology present.  Biopsy was obtained of the antrum of the stomach and also CLO test.  The biopsy is also obtained of the gastroesophageal junction at 12, 3, 6 and 9 o' clock positions to rule out occult Barrett's esophagitis.  Air was aspirated from the stomach and the panendoscope was removed.  The patient sent to recovery room in stable condition.
---
DESCRIPTION: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, photography, and biopsy.  Gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, and enterogastritis.

gastroenterology, biopsy, gastroesophageal reflux, gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal bulb, gastroesophageal junction, hiatal hernia, enterogastritis, endoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, gastroesophageal,

The situation involves a medical procedure, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which is a diagnostic endoscopic examination used to evaluate persistent gastrointestinal symptoms. The stakes are moderate because the procedures are invasive, and the findings could lead to significant changes in the patient's diagnosis or treatment plan, especially if serious conditions like Barrett's esophagitis are detected. However, the procedures are routine within gastroenterology practice and the patient was noted to be in stable condition post-procedure, indicating no immediate critical outcomes.


Medical Specialty: Gastroenterology
Sample Name: CT Abdomen & Pelvis - 11

EXAM: , CT pelvis with contrast and ct abdomen with and without contrast.,INDICATIONS:  ,Abnormal liver enzymes and diarrhea.,TECHNIQUE: , CT examination of the abdomen and pelvis was performed after 100 mL of intravenous contrast administration and oral contrast administration.  Pre-contrast images through the abdomen were also obtained.,COMPARISON:  ,There were no comparison studies.,FINDINGS:  ,The lung bases are clear.,The liver demonstrates mild intrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation.  These findings may be secondary to the patient's post cholecystectomy state.  The pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, and kidneys are unremarkable.,There is a 13 mm peripheral-enhancing fluid collection in the anterior pararenal space of uncertain etiology.  There are numerous nonspecific retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes.  These may be reactive; however, an early neoplastic process would be difficult to totally exclude.,There is a right inguinal hernia containing a loop of small bowel.  This may produce a partial obstruction as there is mild fluid distention of several small bowel loops, particularly in the right lower quadrant.  The large bowel demonstrates significant diverticulosis coli of the sigmoid and distal descending colon without evidence of diverticulitis.,There is diffuse osteopenia along with significant degenerative changes in the lower lumbar spine.,The urinary bladder is unremarkable.  The uterus is not visualized.,IMPRESSION:,1.  Right inguinal hernia containing small bowel.  Partial obstruction is suspected.,2.  Nonspecific retroperitoneal and mesenteric lymph nodes.,3.  Thirteen millimeter of circumscribed fluid collection in the anterior pararenal space of uncertain etiology.,4.  Diverticulosis without evidence of diverticulitis.,5.  Status post cholecystectomy with mild intrahepatic biliary ductal dilatation.,6.  Osteopenia and degenerative changes of the spine and pelvis.
---
DESCRIPTION: Abnormal liver enzymes and diarrhea.  CT pelvis with contrast and ct abdomen with and without contrast.

gastroenterology, pre-contrast images, contrast, biliary ductal dilatation, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, mesenteric lymph nodes, fluid collection, inguinal hernia, ct abdomen, hernia, diverticulosis, diverticulitis, osteopenia, degenerative, spine, bowel, pelvis, ct, abdomen,

The findings from the CT scan show multiple issues, including a right inguinal hernia with suspected partial obstruction, uncertain etiology fluid collection, and nonspecific lymph nodes that could potentially be neoplastic. These findings, combined with the symptoms of abnormal liver enzymes and diarrhea, suggest a significant potential for serious health issues that require prompt medical intervention. The presence of a bowel obstruction itself can be an emergency if it progresses. Additionally, the uncertain lymph nodes and fluid collection might lead to serious conditions if not further investigated.


Medical Specialty: Consult - History and Phy.
Sample Name: Lesions - Adrenal and Pancreatic

CHIEF COMPLAINT: , Both pancreatic and left adrenal lesions.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:,  This 60-year-old white male is referred to us by his medical physician with a complaint of recent finding of a both pancreatic lesion and lesions with left adrenal gland.  The patient's history dates back to at the end of the January of this past year when he began experiencing symptoms consistent with difficulty almost like a suffocating feeling whenever he would lie flat on his back.  He noticed whenever he would recline backwards, he would begin this feeling and it is so bad now that he can barely recline, very little before he has this feeling.  He is now sleeping in an upright position.  He was sent for CAT scan originally of his chest.  The CAT scan of the chest reveals a pneumonitis, but also saw a left adrenal nodule and a small pancreatic lesion.  He was subsequently was sent for a dedicated abdominal CAT scan and MRI.  The CAT scan revealed 1.8-cm lesion of his left adrenal gland, suspected to be a benign adenoma.  The pancreas showed pancreatic lesion towards the mid body tail aspect of the pancreas, approximately 1 cm, most likely of cystic nature.  Neoplasm could not be excluded.  He was referred to us for further assessment.  He denies any significant abdominal pain, any nausea or vomiting.  His appetite is fine.  He has had no significant changes in his bowel habits or any rectal bleeding or melena.  He has undergone a colonoscopy in September of last year and was found to have three adenomatous polyps.  He does have a history of frequent urination.  Has been followed by urologist for this.  There is no family history of pancreatic cancer.  There is a history of gallstone pancreatitis in the patient's sister.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,  Significant for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, asthma, and high cholesterol.,ALLERGIES: , ENVIRONMENTAL.,MEDICATIONS:,  Include glipizide 5 mg b.i.d., metformin 500 mg b.i.d., Atacand 16 mg daily, metoprolol 25 mg b.i.d., Lipitor 10 mg daily, pantoprazole 40 mg daily, Flomax 0.4 mg daily, Detrol 4 mg daily, Zyrtec 10 mg daily, Advair Diskus 100/50 mcg one puff b.i.d., and fluticasone spray 50 mcg two sprays daily.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:,  He has not had any previous surgery.,FAMILY HISTORY: , His brothers had prostate cancer.  Father had brain cancer.  Heart disease in both sides of the family.  Has diabetes in his brother and sister.,SOCIAL HISTORY:,  He is a non-cigarette smoker and non-ETOH user.  He is single and he has no children.  He works as a payroll representative and previously did lot of work in jewelry business, working he states with chemical.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , He denies any chest pain.  He admits to exertional shortness of breath.  He denies any GI problems as noted.  Has frequent urination as noted.  He denies any bleeding disorders or bleeding history.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,GENERAL:  Presents as an obese 60-year-old white male, who appears to be in no apparent distress.,HEENT:  Unremarkable.,NECK:  Supple.  There is no mass, adenopathy or bruit.,CHEST:  Normal excursion.,LUNGS:  Clear to auscultation and percussion.,COR:  Regular.  There is no S3 or S4 gallop.  There is no obvious murmur.,HEART:  There is distant heart sounds.,ABDOMEN:  Obese.  It is soft.  It is nontender.  Examination was done as relatively sitting up as the patient was unable to recline.  Bowel sounds are present.  There is no obvious mass or organomegaly.,GENITALIA:  Deferred.,RECTAL:  Deferred.,EXTREMITIES:  Revealed about 1+ pitting edema.  Bilateral peripheral pulses are intact.,NEUROLOGIC:  Without focal deficits.  The patient is alert and oriented.,IMPRESSION:,  Both left adrenal and pancreatic lesions.  The adrenal lesion is a small lesion, appears as if probable benign adenoma, where as the pancreatic lesion is the cystic lesion, and neoplasm could not be excluded.  Given the location of these pancreatic lesions in the mid body towards the tail and size of 1 cm, the likelihood is an ERCP will be of no value and the likelihood is that it is too small to biopsy.  We are going to review x-rays with Radiology prior with the patient probably at some point will present for operative intervention.  Prior to that the patient will undergo an esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
---
DESCRIPTION: Pancreatic and left adrenal lesions.  The adrenal lesion is a small lesion, appears as if probable benign adenoma, where as the pancreatic lesion is the cystic lesion, and neoplasm could not be excluded.

The case involves the discovery of lesions in both the pancreas and adrenal gland of a 60-year-old male. While the adrenal lesion appears benign, the pancreatic lesion has an uncertain nature ('neoplasm could not be excluded'), which raises concerns about possible cancer. The potential for cancer, especially pancreatic cancer, which has a high mortality rate, adds a level of seriousness to the situation. Additionally, his symptoms and other comorbid conditions like asthma and diabetes further complicate his health. The decision to proceed with further interventions and possible surgery highlights the importance of the situation.


Medical Specialty: Surgery
Sample Name: Sling (SPARC Suburethral)

PREOPERATIVE DX: , Stress urinary incontinence.,POSTOPERATIVE DX: , Stress urinary incontinence.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , SPARC suburethral sling.,ANESTHESIA: , General.,FINDINGS & INDICATIONS: , Outpatient evaluation was consistent with urethral hypermobility, stress urinary incontinence.  Intraoperatively, the bladder appeared normal with the exception of some minor trabeculations.  The ureteral orifices were normal bilaterally.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIVE PROCEDURE:,  This patient was brought to the operating room, a general anesthetic was administered.  She was placed in dorsal lithotomy position.  Her vulva, vagina, and perineum were prepped with Betadine scrubbed in solution.  She was draped in usual sterile fashion.  A Sims retractor was placed into the vagina and Foley catheter was inserted into the bladder.  Two Allis clamps were placed over the mid urethra.  This area was injected with 0.50% lidocaine containing 1:200,000 epinephrine solution.  Two areas suprapubically on either side of midline were injected with the same anesthetic solution.  The stab wound incisions were made in these locations and a sagittal incision was made over the mid urethra.  Metzenbaum scissors were used to dissect bilaterally to the level of the ischial pubic ramus.  The SPARC needles were then placed through the suprapubic incisions and then directed through the vaginal incision bilaterally.  The Foley catheter was removed.  A cystoscopy was performed using a 70-degree cystoscope.  There was noted to be no violation of the bladder.  The SPARC mesh was then snapped onto the needles, which were withdrawn through the stab wound incisions.  The mesh was snugged up against a Mayo scissor held under the mid urethra.  The overlying plastic sheaths were removed.  The mesh was cut below the surface of the skin.  The skin was closed with 4-0 Plain suture.  The vaginal vault was closed with a running 2-0 Vicryl stitch.  The blood loss was minimal.  The patient was awoken and she was brought to recovery in stable condition.
---
DESCRIPTION: SPARC suburethral sling due to stress urinary incontinence.

surgery, stress urinary incontinence, foley catheter, metzenbaum scissor, sparc, sparc mesh, bladder, orifice, perineum, sling, suburethral, ureteral, urethral hypermobility, vagina, vaginal vault, vulva, cystoscopy, suburethral sling, stress urinary, urinary incontinence, incontinence

The operative procedure involves surgery to address stress urinary incontinence, which is a common condition that can significantly impact a patient's quality of life, but it is not life-threatening. The surgery itself is detailed, involving general anesthesia and various surgical techniques, but it is considered a routine procedure with minimal complications in most cases. The description indicates a stable outcome with minimal blood loss and the patient was stable post-op, further suggesting it's not high-stakes like urgent or life-saving surgeries.


Medical Specialty: Hematology - Oncology
Sample Name: Biopsy - Cervical Lymph Node

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Cervical lymphadenopathy.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Cervical lymphadenopathy.,PROCEDURE: , Excisional biopsy of right cervical lymph node.,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal anesthesia.,SPECIMEN: , Right cervical lymph node.,EBL: , 10 cc.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,FINDINGS:,  Enlarged level 2 lymph node was identified and removed and sent for pathologic examination.,FLUIDS: , Please see anesthesia report.,URINE OUTPUT: , None recorded during the case.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , This is a 43-year-old female with a several-year history of persistent cervical lymphadenopathy.  She reports that it is painful to palpation on the right and has had multiple CT scans as well as an FNA which were all nondiagnostic.  After risks and benefits of surgery were discussed with the patient, an informed consent was obtained.  She was scheduled for an excisional biopsy of the right cervical lymph node.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was taken to the operating room and placed in the supine position.  She was anesthetized with general endotracheal anesthesia.  The neck was then prepped and draped in the sterile fashion.  Again, noted on palpation there was an enlarged level 2 cervical lymph node.,A 3-cm horizontal incision was made over this lymph node.  Dissection was carried down until the sternocleidomastoid muscle was identified.  The enlarged lymph node that measured approximately 2 cm in diameter was identified and was removed and sent to Pathology for touch prep evaluation.  The area was then explored for any other enlarged lymph nodes.  None were identified, and hemostasis was achieved with electrocautery.  A quarter-inch Penrose drain was placed in the wound.,The wound was then irrigated and closed with 3-0 interrupted Vicryl sutures for a deep closure followed by a running 4-0 Prolene subcuticular suture.  Mastisol and Steri-Strip were placed over the incision, and sterile bandage was applied.  The patient tolerated this procedure well and was extubated without complications and transported to the recovery room in stable condition.  She will return to the office tomorrow in followup to have the Penrose drain removed.
---
DESCRIPTION: Excisional biopsy of right cervical lymph node.

hematology - oncology, lymphadenopathy, excisional biopsy, fna, mastisol, penrose drain, cervical, cervical lymph node, endotracheal anesthesia, lymph node, sternocleidomastoid, cervical lymph, lymph, anesthesia,

The situation involves a surgical procedure specifically an excisional biopsy of a cervical lymph node. Given that biopsies in the context of lymphadenopathy can be crucial for diagnosing potentially serious conditions like cancer, this makes the situation moderately high-stakes in the medical field, particularly in hematology-oncology. However, the procedure has been performed without complications, which reduces the stakes somewhat from being extremely high. The outcome of the biopsy will be important for the patient's diagnosis and subsequent treatment, thus carrying significant implications for their health prognosis.


Medical Specialty: Surgery
Sample Name: Cholangiopancreatography (Endoscopic)

PROCEDURE:, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology and biopsy.,INDICATION FOR THE PROCEDURE:, Patient with a history of chronic abdominal pain and CT showing evidence of chronic pancreatitis, with a recent upper endoscopy showing an abnormal-appearing ampulla.,MEDICATIONS:, General anesthesia.,The risks of the procedure were made aware to the patient and consisted of medication reaction, bleeding, perforation, aspiration, and post ERCP pancreatitis.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:, After informed consent and appropriate sedation, the duodenoscope was inserted into the oropharynx, down the esophagus, and into the stomach. The scope was then advanced through the pylorus to the ampulla. The ampulla had a markedly abnormal appearance, as it was enlarged and very prominent. It extended outward with an almost polypoid shape. It had what appeared to be adenomatous-appearing mucosa on the tip. There also was ulceration noted on the tip of this ampulla. The biliary and pancreatic orifices were identified. This was located not at the tip of the ampulla, but rather more towards the base. Cannulation was performed with a Wilson-Cooke TriTome sphincterotome with easy cannulation of the biliary tree. The common bile duct was mildly dilated, measuring approximately 12 mm. The intrahepatic ducts were minimally dilated. There were no filling defects identified. There was felt to be a possible stricture within the distal common bile duct, but this likely represented an anatomic variant given the abnormal shape of the ampulla. The patient has no evidence of obstruction based on lab work and clinically. Nevertheless, it was decided to proceed with brush cytology of this segment. This was done without any complications. There was adequate drainage of the biliary tree noted throughout the procedure. Multiple efforts were made to access the pancreatic ductal anatomy; however, because of the shape of the ampulla, this was unsuccessful. Efforts were made to proceed in a long scope position, but still were unsuccessful. Next, biopsies were obtained of the ampulla away from the biliary orifice. Four biopsies were taken. There was some minor oozing which had ceased by the end of the procedure. The stomach was then decompressed and the endoscope was withdrawn.,FINDINGS:,1. Abnormal papilla with bulging, polypoid appearance, and looks adenomatous with ulceration on the tip; biopsies taken.,2. Cholangiogram reveals mildly dilated common bile duct measuring 12 mm and possible distal CBD stricture, although I think this is likely an anatomic variant; brush cytology obtained.,3. Unable to access the pancreatic duct.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1. NPO except ice chips today.,2. Will proceed with MRCP to better delineate pancreatic ductal anatomy.,3. Follow up biopsies and cytology.
---
DESCRIPTION: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology and biopsy.

surgery, cholangiogram, ercp, endoscopic, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, mrcp, wilson-cooke tritome sphincterotome, abdominal pain, ampulla, bile duct, brush cytology, cholangiopancreatography, pancreatitis, papilla, polypoid, retrograde cholangiopancreatography, cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology, brush cytology and biopsy, shape of the ampulla, pancreatic ductal anatomy, common bile duct, cannulation, brush, pancreatic, cytology

The procedure described is an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which is an advanced endoscopic technique used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes involving the pancreatic and biliary ducts. It is high-stakes due to its inherent risks, such as bleeding, perforation, infection, and post-ERCP pancreatitis, all of which are serious complications. The patient in this scenario is also under general anesthesia, adding another layer of risk. The presence of abnormal findings such as an adenomatous ampulla and the need for further investigation and biopsies further elevate the stakes of this procedure.


Medical Specialty: Surgery
Sample Name: Hemicraniectomy

TITLE OF OPERATION:,  Left-sided large hemicraniectomy for traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure.,INDICATION FOR SURGERY: ,  The patient is a patient well known to my service.  She came in with severe traumatic brain injury and severe multiple fractures of the right side of the skull.  I took her to the operating a few days ago for a large right-sided hemicraniectomy to save her life.  I spoke with the family, the mom, especially about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of this procedure, most especially given the fact that she had undergone a very severe traumatic brain injury with a very poor GCS of 3 in some brainstem reflexes.  I discussed with them that this was a life-saving procedure and the family agreed to proceed with surgery as a level 1.  We went to the operating room at that time and we did a very large right-sided hemicraniectomy.  The patient was put in the intensive care unit.  We had placed also at that time a left-sided intracranial pressure monitor both which we took out a few days ago.  Over the last few days, the patient began to slowly deteriorate little bit on her clinical examination, that is, she was at first localizing briskly with the right side and that began to be less brisk.  We obtained a CT scan at this point, and we noted that she had a fair amount of swelling in the left hemisphere with about 1.5 cm of midline shift.  At this point, once again I discussed with the family the possibility of trying to save her life and go ahead and doing a left-sided very large hemicraniectomy with this __________  this was once again a life-saving procedure and we proceeded with the consent of mom to go ahead and do a level 1 hemicraniectomy of the left side.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was taken to the operating room.  She was already intubated and under general anesthesia.  The head was put in a 3-pin Mayfield headholder with one pin in the forehead and two pins in the back to be able to put the patient with the right-hand side down and the left-hand side up since on the right-hand side, she did not have a bone flap which complicated matters a little bit, so we had to use a 3-pin Mayfield headholder.  The patient tolerated this well.  We sterilely prepped everything and we actually had already done a midline incision prior to this for the prior surgery, so we incorporated this incision into the new incision, and to be able to open the skin on the left side, we did a T-shaped incision with T vertical portion coming from anterior to the ear from the zygoma up towards the vertex of the skull towards the midline of the skin.  We connected this.  Prior to this, we brought in all surgical instrumentation under sterile and standard conditions.  We opened the skin as in opening a book and then we also did a myocutaneous flap.  We brought in the muscle with it.  We had a very good exposure of the skull.  We identified all the important landmarks including the zygoma inferiorly, the superior sagittal suture as well as posteriorly and anteriorly.  We had very good landmarks, so we went ahead and did one bur hole and the middle puncta right above the zygoma and then brought in the craniotome and did a very large bone flap that measured about 7 x 9 cm roughly, a very large decompression of the left side.  At this point, we opened the dura and the dura as soon as it was opened, there was a small subdural hematoma under a fair amount of pressure and cleaned this very nicely irrigated completely the brain and had a few contusions over the operculum as well as posteriorly.  All this was irrigated thoroughly.  Once we made sure we had absolutely great hemostasis without any complications, we went ahead and irrigated once again and we had controlled the meddle meningeal as well as the superior temporal artery very nicely.  We had absolutely good hemostasis.  We put a piece of Gelfoam over the brain.  We had opened the dura in a cruciate fashion, and the brain clearly bulging out despite of the fact that it was in the dependent position.  I went ahead and  irrigated everything thoroughly putting a piece of DuraGen as well as a piece of Gelfoam with very good hemostasis and proceeded to close the skin with running nylon in place.  This running nylon we put in place in order not to put any absorbables, although I put a few 0 popoffs just to approximate the skin nicely.  Once we had done this, irrigated thoroughly once again the skin.  We cleaned up everything and then we took the patient off __________ anesthesia and took the patient back to the intensive care unit.  The EBL was about 200 cubic centimeters.  Her hematocrit went down to about 21 and I ordered the patient to receive one unit of blood intraoperatively which they began to work on as we began to continue to do the work and the sponges and the needle counts were correct.  No complications.  The patient went back to the intensive care unit.
---
DESCRIPTION: Left-sided large hemicraniectomy for traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure.  She came in with severe traumatic brain injury and severe multiple fractures of the right side of the skull.

surgery, large hemicraniectomy, intracranial pressure, multiple fractures, skull, traumatic brain injury, mayfield headholder, injury, hemicraniectomyNOTE

The situation involves a critical surgical procedure, a hemicraniectomy, performed in response to a life-threatening condition caused by traumatic brain injury and increased intracranial pressure. The patient's condition is severe, with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 3, indicating deep coma or brain death. The decision to proceed with the surgery is framed as a life-saving measure, emphasizing the high stakes of the operation, as the patient's survival and neurological outcomes heavily depend on its success. Any complications or failure in the procedure could be fatal or lead to significant impairment.


Medical Specialty: Pain Management
Sample Name: Knee Injection

The patient was told that the injection may cause more pain for two to three days afterwards and if this occurred they would best be served by icing the area 15-20 minutes every 6 hours.  The patient was advised to protect the knee by limiting repetitive bending, squatting , kneeling and excessive heavy use for a week.  Also, they were asked to follow up in two weeks p.r.n.
---
DESCRIPTION: Knee injection

Knee injection

pain management, knee injection, hibistat, xylocaine, bending, epinephrine, knee joint, kneeling, needle, patella, squatting, superolateral approach, cleansed, kneeNOTE,: Thesetranscribed medical transcription sample reports and examples are provided by various users andare for reference purpose only. MTHelpLine does not certify accuracy and quality of sample reports.These transcribed medical transcription sample reports may include some uncommon or unusual formats;this would be due to the preference of the dictating physician. All names and dates have beenchanged (or removed) to keep confidentiality. Any resemblance of any type of name or date orplace or anything else to real world is purely incidental.

The situation involves a medical procedure related to pain management, specifically a knee injection. This is a routine medical intervention with anticipated mild side effects such as increased pain, which can be managed with ice and rest. The patient is advised on how to manage these side effects and when to follow up if necessary. While it involves health care, the situation is quite standard and expected in pain management, with no immediate life-threatening risks or severe consequences involved.


Medical Specialty: Orthopedic
Sample Name: MRI T-L Spine - Schistosomiasis

CC: ,Paraplegia.,HX:, This 32 y/o RHF had been performing missionary work in Jos, Nigeria for several years and delivered her 4th child by vaginal delivery on 4/10/97. The delivery was induced with Pitocin, but was otherwise uncomplicated. For the first 4 days post-partum she noted clear liquid diarrhea without blood and minor abdominal discomfort. This spontaneous resolved without medical treatment. The second week post-partum she had 4-5 days of sinusitis, purulent nasal discharge and facial pain. She was otherwise well until 5/4/97 when stationed in a more rural area of Nigeria, she noted a dull ache in both knees (lateral to the patellae) and proximal tibia, bilaterally. The pain was not relieved by massage and seemed more bothersome when seated or supine. She had no sensory loss at the time.,On 5/6/97, she awakened to pain radiating down her knees to her anterior tibia. Over the next few hours the pain radiated circumferentially around both calves, and involved the soles of her feet and posterior BLE to her buttocks. Rising from bed became a laborious task and she required assistance to walk to the bathroom. Ibuprofen provided minimal analgesia. By evening the sole of one foot was numb.,She awoke the next morning, 5/9/97, with "pins & needles" sensation in BLE up to her buttocks. She was given Darvocet for analgesia and took an airplane back to the larger city she was based in. During the one hour flight her BLE weakness progressed to a non-weight bearing state (i.e. she could not stand). Local evaluation revealed 3/3 proximal and 4/4 distal BLE weakness. She had a sensory level to her waist on PP and LT testing. She also had mild lumbar back pain. Local laboratory evaluation: WBC 12.7, ESR 10. She was presumed to have Guillain-Barre syndrome and was placed on Solu-Cortef 1000mg qd and Sandimmune IV IgG 12.0 g.,On 5/10/97, she was airlifted to Geneva, Switzerland. Upon arrival there she had total anesthesia from the feet up to the inguinal region, bilaterally. There was flaccid areflexic paralysis of BLE and she was unable to void or defecate. Straight catheterization of the bladder revealed a residual volume of 1000cc. On 5/12/ CSF analysis revealed: Protein 1.5g/l, Glucose 2.2mmol/l, WBC 92 (O PMNS, 100% Lymphocytes), RBC 70, Clear CSF, bacterial-fungal-AFB-cultures were negative. Broad spectrum antibiotics and Solu-Medrol 1g IV qd were started. MRI T-L-spine, 5/12/97 revealed an intradural T12-L1 lesion that enhanced minimally with gadolinium and was associated with spinal cord edema in the affected area. MRI Brain, 5/12/97, was unremarkable and showed no evidence of demyelinating disease. HIV, HTLV-1, HSV, Lyme, EBV, Malaria and CMV serological titers were negative. On 5/15/97 the Schistosomiasis Mekongi IFAT serological titer returned positive at 1:320 (normal<1:80). 5/12/97 CSF Schistosomiasis Mekongi IFAT and ELISA were negative. She was then given a one day course of Praziquantel 3.6g total in 3 doses; and started on Prednisone 60 mg po qd; the broad spectrum antibiotics and Solu-Medrol were discontinued.,On 5/22/97, a rectal biopsy was performed to evaluate parasite eradication. The result came back positive for ova and granulomata after she had left for UIHC. The organism was not speciated. 5/22/97 CSF schistosomiasis ELISA and IFAT titers were positive at 1.09 and 1:160, respectively. These titers were not known when she initially arrived at UIHC.,Following administration of Praziquantel, she regained some sensation in BLE but the paraplegia, and urinary retention remained.,MEDS:, On 5/24/97 UIHC arrival: Prednisone 60mg qd, Zantac 50 IV qd, Propulsid 20mg tid, Enoxaparin 20mg qd.,PMH:, 1)G4P4.,FHX:, unremarkable.,SHX: ,Missionary. Married. 4 children ( ages 7,5,3,6 weeks).,EXAM:, BP110/70, HR72, RR16, 35.6C,MS: A&O to person, place and time. Speech fluent and without dysarthria. Lucid thought process.,CN: unremarkable.,Motor: 5/5 BUE strength. Lower extremities: 1/1 quads and hamstrings, 0/0 distally.,Sensory: Decreased PP/LT/VIB from feet to inguinal regions, bilaterally. T12 sensory level to temperature (ice glove).,Coord: normal FNF.,Station/Gait: not done.,Reflexes: 2/2 BUE. 0/0 BLE. No plantar responses, bilaterally.,Rectal: decreased to no rectal tone. Guaiac negative.,Other: No Lhermitte's sign. No paraspinal hypertonicity noted. No vertebral tenderness.,Gen exam: Unremarkable.,COURSE:, MRI T-L-spine, 5/24/97, revealed a 6 x 8 x 25 soft tissue mass at the L1 level posterior to the tip of the conus medullaris and extending into the canal below that level. This appeared to be intradural. There was mild enhancement. There was more enhancement along the distal cord surface and cauda equina. The distal cord had sign of diffuse edema. She underwent exploratory and decompressive laminectomy on 5/27/97, and was retreated with a one day course of Praziquantel 40mg/kg/day. Praziquantel is reportedly only 80% effective at parasite eradication.,She continued to reside on the Neurology/Neurosurgical service on 5/31/97 and remained paraplegic.
---
DESCRIPTION: MRI T-L spine - L2 conus medullaris lesion and syndrome secondary to Schistosomiasis.

This case involves a young missionary woman who developed paraplegia due to a rare infectious disease, Schistosomiasis, contracted while working in Nigeria. The situation is high-stakes because it involves a life-altering condition that can drastically impact the quality of life, requiring in-depth medical intervention, including MRI scans, surgeries, and drug treatments. The progression of symptoms from leg pain to full-blown paraplegia indicates a severe neurological implication, and the potential for irreversible damage increases the stakes of the medical response. Immediate and accurate management is crucial to prevent further deterioration and to hopefully improve the patient's condition. The combination of complex diagnostic processes, potential surgical intervention, and the risk of permanent disability contribute to it being a high-stakes situation.


Medical Specialty: Hematology - Oncology
Sample Name: Axillary Dissection & Mass Excision

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Bilateral axillary masses, rule out recurrent Hodgkin's disease.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Bilateral axillary masses, rule out recurrent Hodgkin's disease.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1.  Left axillary dissection with incision and drainage of left axillary mass.,2.  Right axillary mass excision and incision and drainage.,ANESTHESIA: , LMA.,SPECIMENS:,  Left axillary mass with nodes and right axillary mass.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:  ,Less than 30 cc.,INDICATION: , This 56-year-old male presents to surgical office with history of bilateral axillary masses.  Upon evaluation, it was noted that the patient has draining bilateral masses with the left mass being approximately 8 cm in diameter upon palpation and the right being approximately 4 cm in diameter.  The patient had been continued on antibiotics preoperatively.  The patient with history of Hodgkin's lymphoma approximately 18 years ago and underwent therapy at that time and he was declared free of disease since that time.  Consent for possible recurrence of Hodgkin's lymphoma warranted exploration and excision of these masses.  The patient was explained the risks and benefits of the procedure and informed consent was obtained.,GROSS FINDINGS: , Upon dissection of the left axillary mass, the mass was removed in toto and noted to have a cavity within it consistent with an abscess.,No loose structures were identified and sent for frozen section, which upon intraoperative consultation with Pathology Department revealed no obvious evidence of lymphoma, however, the confirmed pathology report is pending at this time.  The right axillary mass was excised without difficulty without requiring full axillary dissection.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was placed in supine position after appropriate anesthesia was obtained and a sterile prep and drape complete.  A #10 blade scalpel was used to make an elliptical incision about the mass itself extending this incision further to aid in the mobilization of the mass.  Sharp dissection was utilized with Metzenbaum scissors about the mass to maintain the injury to the skin structure and upon showing out the mass, Bovie electrocautery was utilized adjacent to the wall structure to maintain hemostasis.  Identification of the axillary anatomy was made and care was made to avoid injury to nerve, vessel or musculature.  Once this mass was removed in toto, lymph node structures were as well delivered with this mass and sent to frozen section as well the specimen was sent to gram stain and culture.  Upon revaluation of the incisional site, it was noted to be hemostatic.  Warm lap sponge was then left in place at this site.  Next, attention was turned to the right axilla where a #10 blade scalpel was used to make a 4 cm incision about the mass including the cutaneous structures involved with the erythematous reaction.  This was as well removed in toto and sent to Pathology for gram stain and culture as well as pathologic evaluation.  This site was then made hemostatic as well with the aid of Bovie electrocautery and approximation of the deep dermal tissues after irrigation with warm saline was then done with #3-0 Vicryl suture followed by #4-0 Vicryl running subcuticular stitch.  Steri-Strips were applied.  Attention was returned back left axilla, which upon re-exploration was noted to be hemostatic and a #7 mm JP was then introduced making a skin stab inferior to the incision and bringing the end of the drain through this incision.  This was placed within the incision site, ________ drainage of the axillary potential space.  Approximation of the deep dermal tissues were then done with #3-0 Vicryl in an interrupted technique followed by #4-0 Vicryl with running subcuticular technique.  Steri-Strips and sterile dressings were applied.  JP bulb was then placed to suction and sterile dressings were applied to both axilla.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and sent to postanesthesia care unit in a stable condition.  He will be discharged to home upon ability of the patient to have pain tolerance with Vicodin 1-2 as needed every six hours for pain and continue on Keflex antibiotics until gram stain culture proves otherwise.
---
DESCRIPTION: Left axillary dissection with incision and drainage of left axillary mass.  Right axillary mass excision and incision and drainage.   Bilateral axillary masses, rule out recurrent Hodgkin's disease.

hematology - oncology, incision and drainage, axillary mass excision, axillary dissection, hodgkin's disease, axillary mass, mass, incision, axillary,

The situation involves the surgical removal of axillary masses in a patient with a history of Hodgkin's lymphoma, which presents a potential for recurrence. Given the previous cancer history and current biopsy and pathology tests to rule out lymphoma recurrence, this is a medically significant scenario. The procedure, while routine for managing masses, carries stakes particularly because it involves assessing for cancer recurrence, which could dramatically influence the patient's prognosis and ongoing treatment needs. This makes it a relatively high-stakes situation. Additionally, proper postoperative follow-up is essential to manage any new findings from pathology reports. The potential implications for the patient's health and needed adjustments in medical care based on the outcomes underline the stakes involved.


You are an LLM as part of a medical assistant system, interacting with medical practitioners to improve efficiency.

Medical Specialty: Orthopedic
Sample Name: Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,  Left calcaneal valgus split.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,  Left calcaneal valgus split.,PROCEDURES:  ,1.  Left calcaneal lengthening osteotomy with allograft.,2.  Partial plantar fasciotomy.,3.  Posterior subtalar and tibiotalar capsulotomy.,4.  Short leg cast placed.,ANESTHESIA: , Surgery performed under general anesthesia.,TOURNIQUET TIME: , 69 minutes.,The patient in local anesthetic of 20 mL of 0.25% Marcaine plain.,COMPLICATIONS: , No intraoperative complications.,DRAINS:  ,None.,SPECIMENS: , None.,HISTORY AND PHYSICAL: , The patient is a 13-year-old female who had previous bilateral feet correction at 1 year of age.  Since that time, the patient has developed significant calcaneal valgus deformity with significant pain.  Radiographs confirmed collapse of the spinal arch, as well as valgus position of the foot.  Given the patient's symptoms, surgery is recommended for calcaneal osteotomy and Achilles lengthening.  Risks and benefits of surgery were discussed with the mother.  Risks of surgery include risk of anesthesia; infection; bleeding; changes in sensation in most of extremity; hardware failure; need for later hardware removal; possible nonunion; possible failure to correct all the deformity; and need for other surgical procedures.  The patient will need to be strict nonweightbearing for at least 6 weeks and wear a brace for up to 6 months.  All questions were answered and parents agreed to the above surgical plan.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the operating room and placed supine on the operating table.  General anesthesia was then administered.  The patient received Ancef preoperatively.  A bump was placed underneath the left buttock.  A nonsterile tourniquet was placed on the upper aspect of the left thigh.  The extremity was then prepped and draped in a standard surgical fashion.  The patient had a previous incision along the calcaneocuboid lateral part of the foot.  This was marked and extended proximally through the Achilles tendon.  Extremity was wrapped in Esmarch.  Tourniquet inflation was noted to be 250 mmHg.  Decision was then made to protect the sural nerve.  There was one sensory nervous branch that did cross the field though it was subsequently sharply ligated because it was in the way.  Dissection was carried down to Achilles tendon, which was subsequently de-lengthened with the distal half performed down the lateral thigh.  Proximal end was tacked with an 0 Ethibond suture and subsequently repaired end-on-end at length with the heel in neutral.  Dissection was then carried on the lateral border of the foot with identification of the peroneal longus and valgus tendons, which were removed from the sheath and retracted dorsally.  At this time, we also noted that calcaneocuboid joint appeared to be fused.  The area between the anterior and middle facets were plicated on fluoroscopy for planned osteotomy.  This was performed with a saw.  After a partial plantar fasciotomy was performed, this was released off an abductor digiti minimi.  The osteotomy was completed with an osteotome and distracted with the lamina spreader.  A tricortical allograft was then shaped and subsequently impacted into this area.  Final positioning was checked with multiple views of fluoroscopy.  It was subsequently fixed using a 0.94 K-wire and drilled from the heel anteriorly.  A pin was subsequently bent and cut short at the level of the skin.  The wound was then irrigated with normal saline.  The Achilles was repaired with this tie.  Please note during the case, it was noted the patient had continued significant stiffness despite the Achilles lengthening.  A posterior capsulotomy of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints were performed with increased 10 degrees of dorsiflexion.  Wound was then closed using #2-0 Vicryl and #4-0 Monocryl.  The surgical field was irrigated with 0.25% Marcaine and subsequently injected with more Marcaine at the end of the case.  The wound was clean and dry and dressed with Steri-Strips and Xeroform.  Skin was dressed with Xeroform and 4 x 4's.  Everything was wrapped with 4 x 4's in sterile Webril.  The tourniquet was released after 69 minutes.  A short-leg cast was then placed with good return of capillary refill to his toes.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was subsequently taken to the recovery room in stable condition.,POSTOPERATIVE PLAN: , The patient will be hospitalized overnight for elevation, ice packs, neurovascular checks, and pain control.  The patient to be strict nonweightbearing.  We will arrange for her to get a wheelchair.  The patient will then follow up in about 10 to 14 days for a cast check, as well as pain control.  The patient will need an AFO script at that time.  Intraoperative findings are relayed to the parents.
---
DESCRIPTION: Left calcaneal lengthening osteotomy with allograft, partial plantar fasciotomy, posterior subtalar and tibiotalar capsulotomy, and short leg cast placed.

orthopedic, calcaneal lengthening, osteotomy, allograft, plantar fasciotomy, capsulotomy, calcaneal valgus split, partial plantar fasciotomy, short leg cast, achilles lengthening, calcaneal valgus, tourniquet, plantar, valgus, achilles, calcaneal,

The scenario described involves an orthopedic surgical procedure on a 13-year-old patient, specifically a calcaneal lengthening osteotomy with associated procedures. It addresses a significant skeletal deformity causing pain and likely affecting mobility, indicating it's not a minor or routine procedure. The surgery requires general anesthesia and involves multiple surgical steps, highlights potential risks, and necessitates a substantial recovery period including strict non-weightbearing and subsequent bracing. These factors suggest the stakes are high, but not extremely so, as the surgery and recovery are planned and manageable without immediate life-threatening components.


Medical Specialty: Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
Sample Name: Esophagogastrectomy, Jejunostomy, & Chest Tubes

OPERATION,1.  Ivor-Lewis esophagogastrectomy.,2.  Feeding jejunostomy.,3.  Placement of two right-sided #28-French chest tubes.,4.  Right thoracotomy.,ANESTHESIA:  ,General endotracheal anesthesia with a dual-lumen tube.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , After obtaining informed consent from the patient, including a thorough explanation of the risks and benefits of the aforementioned procedure, the patient was taken to the operating room and general endotracheal anesthesia was administered.  Prior to administration of general anesthesia, the patient had an epidural anesthesia placed.  In addition, he had a dual-lumen endotracheal tube placed.  The patient was placed in the supine position to begin the procedure.  His abdomen and chest were prepped and draped in the standard surgical fashion.  After applying sterile dressings, a #10-blade scalpel was used to make an upper midline incision from the level of the xiphoid to just below the umbilicus.  Dissection was carried down through the linea using Bovie electrocautery.  The abdomen was opened.  Next, a Balfour retractor was positioned as well as a mechanical retractor.  Next, our attention was turned to freeing up the stomach.  In an attempt to do so, we identified the right gastroepiploic artery and arcade.  We incised the omentum and retracted it off the stomach and gastroepiploic arcade.  The omentum was divided using suture ligature with 2-0 silk.  We did this along the greater curvature and then moved to the lesser curvature where the short gastric arteries were taken down with ligation using 2-0 silk.  Next, we turned our attention to performing a Kocher maneuver.  This was done and the stomach was freed up.  We took down the falciform ligament as well as the caudate attachment to the diaphragm.  We enlarged the diaphragmatic hiatus so as to be able to place approximately 3 fingers into the chest.  We also did a portion of the esophageal dissection from the abdomen into the chest area.  The esophagus and the esophageal hiatus were identified in the abdomen.  We next turned our attention to the left gastric artery.  The left gastric artery was identified at the base of the stomach.  We first took the left gastric vein by ligating and dividing it using 0 silk ties.  The left gastric artery was next taken using suture ligature with silk ties followed by 2-0 stick tie reinforcement.  At this point the stomach was freely mobile.  We then turned our attention to performing our jejunostomy feeding tube.  A 2-0 Vicryl pursestring was placed in the jejunum approximately 20 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz.  We then used Bovie electrocautery to open the jejunum at this site.  We placed a 16-French red rubber catheter through this site.  We tied down in place.  We then used 3-0 silk sutures to perform a Witzel.  Next, the loop of jejunum was tacked up to the abdominal wall using 2-0 silk ties.  After doing so and pulling the feeding jejunostomy out through the skin and securing it appropriately, we turned our attention to closing the abdomen.  This was done with #1 Prolene.  We put in a 2nd layer of 2-0 Vicryl.  The skin was closed with 4-0 Monocryl.,Next, we turned our attention to performing the thoracic portion of the procedure.  The patient was placed in the left lateral decubitus position.  The right chest was prepped and draped appropriately.  We then used a #10 blade scalpel to make an incision in a posterolateral, non-muscle-sparing fashion.  Dissection was carried down to the level of the ribs with Bovie electrocautery.  Next, the ribs were counted and the 5th interspace was entered.  The lung was deflated.  We placed standard chest retractors.  Next, we incised the peritoneum over the esophagus.  We dissected the esophagus to just above the azygos vein.  The azygos vein, in fact, was taken with 0 silk ligatures and reinforced with 2-0 stick ties.  As mentioned, we dissected the esophagus both proximally and distally down to the level of the hiatus.  After doing this, we backed our NG tube out to above the level where we planned to perform our pursestring.  We used an automatic pursestring and applied.  We then transected the proximal portion of the stomach with Metzenbaum scissors.  We secured our pursestring and then placed a 28 anvil in the divided proximal portion of the esophagus.  The pursestring was then tied down without difficulty.  Next, we tabularized our stomach using a #80 GIA stapler.  After doing so, we chose a portion of the stomach more distally and opened it using Bovie electrocautery.  We placed our EEA stapler through it and then punched out through the gastric wall.  We connected our anvil to the EEA stapler.  This was then secured appropriately.  We checked to make sure that there was appropriate muscle apposition.  We then fired the stapler.  We obtained 2 complete rings, 1 of the esophagus and 1 of the stomach, which were sent for pathology.  We also sent the gastroesophageal specimen for pathology.  Of note was the fact that the frozen section showed no evidence of tumor and in the proximal distal margins.  We then turned our attention to closing the gastrostomy opening.  This was closed with 2-0 Vicryl in a running fashion.  We then buttressed this with serosal 3-0 Vicryl interrupted sutures.  We returned the newly constructed gastroesophageal anastomosis into the chest and covered it by covering the pleura over it.  Next, we placed two #28-French chest tubes, 1 anteriorly and 1 posteriorly, taking care not to place it near the anastomosis.  We then closed the chest with #2 Vicryl in an interrupted figure-of-eight fashion.  The lung was brought up.  We closed the muscle layers with #0 Vicryl followed by #0 Vicryl; then we closed the subcutaneous layer with 2-0 Vicryl and the skin with 4-0 Monocryl.  Sterile dressing was applied.  The instrument and sponge count was correct at the end of the case.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was extubated in the operating room and transferred to the ICU in good condition.
---
DESCRIPTION: Ivor-Lewis esophagogastrectomy, feeding jejunostomy, placement of two right-sided 28 French chest tubes, and right thoracotomy.

cardiovascular / pulmonary, ivor-lewis, esophagogastrectomy, jejunostomy, thoracotomy, dual-lumen tube, chest tubes, bovie electrocautery, chest, endotracheal, electrocautery, abdomen, gastric, esophagus, tubes, vicryl, stomach,

The procedure described is an Ivor-Lewis esophagogastrectomy accompanied by a feeding jejunostomy, placement of chest tubes, and a right thoracotomy. These are complex surgical procedures often performed to treat esophageal cancer or related conditions. They involve significant risks including infection, bleeding, injury to surrounding organs, and complications from anesthesia. The procedure is invasive, requiring precise surgical skills, and the postoperative care is critical, often involving intensive monitoring. Given its complexity and potential for serious complications, this surgical scenario is considered high-stakes in the medical field.


Medical Specialty: Consult - History and Phy.
Sample Name: Consult - Seizures

REASON FOR CONSULTATION:  ,Followup of seizures.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:,  This is a 47-year-old African-American female, well known to the neurology service, who has been referred to me for the first time evaluation of her left temporal lobe epilepsy that was diagnosed in August of 2002.  At that time, she had one generalized tonic-clonic seizure.  Apparently she had been having several events characterized by confusion and feeling unsteady lasting for approximately 60 seconds.  She said these events were very paroxysmal in the sense they suddenly came on and would abruptly stop.  She had two EEGs at that time, one on August 04, 2002 and second on November 01, 2002, both of which showed rare left anterior temporal sharp waves during drowsiness and sleep.  She also had an MRI done on September 05, 2002, with and without contrast that was negative.  Her diagnosis was confirmed by Dr. X at Johns Hopkins Hospital who reviewed her studies as well as examined the patient and felt that actually her history and findings were consistent with diagnosis of left temporal lobe epilepsy.  She was initially started on Trileptal, but had some problems with the medication subsequently Keppra, which she said made her feel bad and subsequently changed in 2003 to lamotrigine, which she has been taking since then.  She reports no seizures in the past several years.  She currently is without complaint.,In terms of seizure risk factors she denies head trauma, history of CNS infection, history of CVA, childhood seizures, febrile seizures.  There is no family history of seizures.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant only for hypertension and left temporal lobe epilepsy.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Remarkable only for hypertension in her father.  Her mother died in a motor vehicle accident.,SOCIAL HISTORY:  ,She works running a day care at home.  She has three children.  She is married.  She does not smoke, use alcohol or illicit drugs.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Please see note in chart.  Only endorses weight gain and the history of seizures, as well as some minor headaches treated with over-the-counter medications.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS:  ,Lamotrigine 150 mg p.o. b.i.d., verapamil, and hydrochlorothiazide.,ALLERGIES: , Flagyl and aspirin.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Blood pressure is 138/88, heart rate is 76, respiratory rate is 18, and weight is 224 pounds, pain scale is none.,General Examination:  Please see note in chart, which is essentially unremarkable except mild obesity.,NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION: , Again, please see note in chart.  Mental status is normal, cranial nerves are intact, motor is normal bulk and tone throughout with no weakness appreciated in upper and lower extremities bilaterally.  There is no drift and there are no abnormalities to orbit.  Sensory examination, light touch, and temperature intact at all distal extremities.  Cerebellar examination, she has normal finger-to-nose, rapid alternating movements, heel-to-shin, and foot tap.,She rises easily from the chair.  She has normal step, stride, arm swing, toe, heel, and tandem.  Deep tendon reflexes are 2 and equal at biceps, brachioradialis, patella, and 1 at the ankles.,She was seen in the emergency room for chest pain one month ago.  CT of the head was performed, which I reviewed, dated September 07, 2006.  The findings were within the range of normal variation.  There is no evidence of bleeding, mass, lesions, or any evidence of atrophy.,IMPRESSION: , This is a pleasant 47-year-old African-American female with what appears to be cryptogenic left temporal lobe epilepsy that is very well controlled on her current dose of lamotrigine.,PLAN:,1.  Continue lamotrigine 150 mg p.o. b.i.d.,2.  I discussed with the patient the option of a trial of medications.  We need to repeat her EEG as well as her MRI prior to weaning her medications.  The patient wants to continue her lamotrigine at this time.  I concur.,3.  The patient will be following up with me in six months.,
---
DESCRIPTION: Patient referred for evaluation of her left temporal lobe epilepsy.

The situation involves a follow-up consultation for a patient with a history of epilepsy, which has been controlled with medication. There are no immediate or acute medical emergencies indicated, and the patient reports no recent seizures or concerning symptoms. The consultation aims to monitor and possibly adjust the current medication. This situation primarily involves routine follow-up rather than acute or potentially life-threatening conditions.


Medical Specialty: General Medicine
Sample Name: Gen Med SOAP - 8

SUBJECTIVE: , I am following the patient today for multiple issues.  He once again developed gross hematuria, which was unprovoked.  His Coumadin has been held.  The patient has known BPH and is on Flomax.  He is being treated with Coumadin because of atrial fibrillation and stroke.  This is the second time he has had significant gross hematuria this month.  He also fell about a week ago and is complaining of buttock pain and leg pain.  We did get x-rays of hips, knees, and ankles.  Clearly, he has significant degenerative disease in all these areas.  No fractures noted however.  He felt that the pain is pretty severe and particularly worse in the morning.  His sinuses are bothering him.  He wonders about getting some nasal saline spray.  We talked about Coumadin, stroke risk, etc. in the setting of atrial fibrillation.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: , Vitals:  As in chart.  The patient is alert, pleasant, and cooperative.  He is not in any apparent distress.  He is comfortable in a seated position.  I did not examine him further today.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN:,1.  Hematuria.  Coumadin needs to be stopped, so we will evaluate what is going on, which is probably just some BPH.  We will also obtain a repeat UA as he did describe to me some dysuria.  However, I do not think this would account for the gross hematuria.  He will be started on an aspirin 81 mg p.o. daily.,2.  For the pain we will try him on Lortab.  He will get a Lortab everyday in the morning 5/500 prior to getting out of bed, and then he will have the option of having a few more throughout the day if he requires it.,3.  We will see about getting him set up with massage therapy and/or physical therapy as well for his back pain.,4.  For his sinuses, we will arrange for him to have saline nasal spray at the bedside for p.r.n. use.
---
DESCRIPTION: Patient today with multiple issues.

Patient today with multiple issues.

general medicine, multiple issues, atrial fibrillation, gross hematuria, multiple, bph, fibrillation, hematuria,

The situation involves a patient experiencing gross hematuria, which can be a serious issue, especially considering the patient is on Coumadin for atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention. Hematuria, coupled with a recent fall and significant degenerative disease-caused pain, indicates multiple layers of health concerns that could escalate if not managed appropriately. The management of anticoagulation (switching from Coumadin to aspirin) and addressing severe pain and potential complications of BPH is medically significant, but it does not appear to be life-threatening at this moment. The situation is somewhat high-stakes due to the need to balance anticoagulation therapy with the risk of bleeding and monitoring atrial fibrillation closely.


Medical Specialty: Bariatrics
Sample Name: Gastric Bypass Summary

FINAL DIAGNOSES,1.  Morbid obesity, status post laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. ,2.  Hypertension. ,3.  Obstructive sleep apnea, on CPAP.,OPERATION AND PROCEDURE: , Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.,BRIEF HOSPITAL COURSE SUMMARY:  ,This is a 30-year-old male, who presented recently to the Bariatric Center for evaluation and treatment of longstanding morbid obesity and associated comorbidities.  Underwent standard bariatric evaluation, consults, diagnostics, and preop Medifast induced weight loss in anticipation of elective bariatric surgery. ,Taken to the OR via same day surgery process for elective gastric bypass, tolerated well, recovered in the PACU, and sent to the floor for routine postoperative care.  There, DVT prophylaxis was continued with subcu heparin, early and frequent mobilization, and SCDs.  PCA was utilized for pain control, efficaciously, he utilized the CPAP, was monitored, and had no new cardiopulmonary complaints.  Postop day #1, labs within normal limits, able to clinically start bariatric clear liquids at 2 ounces per hour, this was tolerated well.  He was ambulatory, had no cardiopulmonary complaints, no unusual fever or concerning symptoms.  By the second postoperative day, was able to advance to four ounces per hour, tolerated this well, and is able to discharge in stable and improved condition today.  He had his drains removed today as well.,DISCHARGE INSTRUCTIONS: , Include re-appointment in the office in the next week, call in the interim if any significant concerning complaints.  Scripts left in the chart for omeprazole and Lortab.  Med rec sheet completed (on no meds).  He will maintain bariatric clear liquids at home, goal 64 ounces per day, maintain activity at home, but no heavy lifting or straining.  Can shower starting tomorrow, drain site care and wound care reviewed.  He will re-appoint in the office in the next week, certainly call in the interim if any significant concerning complaints.
---
DESCRIPTION: Patient discharged after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

bariatrics, medifast, laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass, roux-en-y, bariatric clear liquids, gastric bypass, laparoscopic, gastric, bariatric, bypass,

The situation involves a successful gastric bypass surgery which is an elective procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity. While the surgical procedure and postoperative care went smoothly without any complications, surgeries carry inherent risks and require careful monitoring. However, as this case details a routine postoperative course with discharge instructions for continued recovery at home, the stakes are considered moderate in terms of risk. This does not entail immediate life-threatening concerns but involves close monitoring to ensure no complications arise after discharge.


Medical Specialty: Gastroenterology
Sample Name: Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass - 1

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Morbid obesity. ,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Morbid obesity. ,PROCEDURE:,  Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, antecolic, antegastric with 25-mm EEA anastamosis, esophagogastroduodenoscopy. ,ANESTHESIA: , General with endotracheal intubation. ,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , This is a 50-year-old male who has been overweight for many years and has tried multiple different weight loss diets and programs.  The patient has now begun to have comorbidities related to the obesity.  The patient has attended our bariatric seminar and met with our dietician and psychologist.  The patient has read through our comprehensive handout and understands the risks and benefits of bypass surgery as evidenced by the signing of our consent form.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The risks and benefits were explained to the patient.  Consent was obtained.  The patient was taken to the operating room and placed supine on the operating room table.  General anesthesia was administered with endotracheal intubation.  A Foley catheter was placed for bladder decompression.  All pressure points were carefully padded, and sequential compression devices were placed on the legs.  The abdomen was prepped and draped in standard, sterile, surgical fashion.  Marcaine was injected into the umbilicus.
---
DESCRIPTION: Morbid obesity.  Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, antecolic, antegastric with 25-mm EEA anastamosis, esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

gastroenterology, morbid obesity, roux-en-y, gastric bypass, antecolic, antegastric, anastamosis, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, eea, surgidac sutures, roux limb, port, stapler, laparoscopic, intubation

A laparoscopic gastric bypass, especially for a condition like morbid obesity, is considered a high-stakes procedure. This is due to several factors: the surgery is complex and involves significant anatomical changes, there's a degree of risk associated with general anesthesia, and the operation is being performed to address severe obesity with comorbidities. Successful completion can significantly improve the patient's quality of life, while complications can have serious health implications.